Fig. 4.

(A) CCDF of out-degree distributions in the Vosoughi et al. dataset (11) of false-news and true-news cascades on Twitter. (B) CCDF of out-degree distributions in SIR cascades with two different values of the infectivity parameter R₀. (C) CCDF of out-degree distributions in SIR cascades and IC cascades with the same choice of $R_0=0.8$. (D–F) The same analyses as the plots directly above, carried out for two subsampled datasets with matched size distributions. Controlling for size collapses statistical differences in structural properties for the datasets of true and false news and the simulated data created under the same model with different parameter settings. The collapse does not happen if the underlying models differ. We show KS-test statistics for 1,000 instances of size-matched datasets in SI Appendix, section S-I.