Table 1.
List of Cdk5 substrates discussed in this review and their functional categories
| Substrates of Cdk5 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Category | Protein/sites | Functional outcome | References |
| Microtubule and cytoskeleton-related function | Axin/T485 | Promoting axon formation | [57] |
| Dcx/S710 | Regulation of neuronal migration | [49] | |
| Dixdc1/S250 | Increasing the association between DISC1 and NUDEL | [48] | |
| FAK/S732 | Regulation of microtubule organization and neuronal migration | [45] | |
| GRAB/S169, S180 | Regulation of neurite outgrowth | [55] | |
| Map1b | Regulation of neurite outgrowth | [56] | |
| NUDEL/S198, T219, S231 | Regulation of neurite morphology and neurite outgrowth | [19] | |
| p27/S10, S297 | Regulation of nuclear elongation in migrating neurons | [49] | |
| PAK1/T212 | Regulation of neuronal migration and neurite outgrowth | [53] | |
| RapGEF2/S1124 | Regulation of neuronal migration | [42] | |
| Synapsin III/S404 | Regulation of neuronal migration | [43] | |
| 5-HT6R/S350 | Regulation of neurite outgrowth | [54] | |
| Synaptic function | Amphiphysin 1/S272, S276, S285 | Increasing clathrin-mediated endocytosis | [61, 62] |
| CaMKv/T345 | Reducing spine density | [71] | |
| Dynamin 1/S774, S778 | Increasing clathrin-mediated endocytosis | [62] | |
| Liprinα1/T701 | Enhancing excitatory synaptic | [69] | |
| Munc18/S158 | Increasing vesicle release | [60] | |
| NR2A/S1232 | Regulation of synaptic plasticity | [65, 66] | |
| PSD-95/T19, S25, S35 | Regulation of synaptic plasticity | [67, 69] | |
| SPAR/S1328 | Regulation of synaptic homeostasis | [75] | |
| TrkB/S478 | Regulation of activity-dependent structural plasticity | [70] | |
| L-VDCC/S783 | Regulation of calcium influx | [64] | |
| CaV2.2/S2013 | Regulation of calcium influx | [63] | |
| Circadian clock | CLOCK/T451, T461 | Promoting CLOCK nuclear translocalization and enhancing its activity | [80] |
| PER2/S394 | Stabilizing PER2 and promoting its nuclear translocalization | [79] | |
| Neurodegeneration | APP/T668 | Regulating of APP localization | [103] |
| ATM/S794 | Regulation of DNA damage response | [115] | |
| Drp1/S616 | Promoting mitochondrial fission | [124] | |
| Htt/S434 | Reducing Htt cleavage and aggregation | [146] | |
| Parkin/S131 | Reducing Parkin ubiquitin ligase activity | [137] | |
| Prx1/T90, Prx2/T89 | Reducing peroxidase activity | [120, 135] | |
| STAT3/S727 | Increasing BACE1 gene expression via activating STAT3 | [101, 102] | |
| Tau/T181, S202, T205, T217, S235, S396, S404 | Reducing microtubule binding | [107, 108] | |
| Non-neuronal function | Coronin 1a/T418 | Facilitating actin polarization and migration of lymphocytes to chemokine signals | [181] |
| DCL1/S120, S205, S422, S509 | Activating tumor suppressor DCL1 | [187] | |
| TRIM59/S308 | Promoting the degradation of tumor suppressive histone variant macroH2A1 | [186] | |
| Paxillin/S244 | Promoting OPC maturation | [177, 178] | |
| PPARγ/S273 | Inducing insulin resistance | [161] | |
| Vimentin/S56 | Promotes melanoma cell extravasation | [184] | |