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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Aug 3.
Published in final edited form as: J Am Coll Cardiol. 2021 Aug 3;78(5):513–531. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2021.05.035

Figure 4: Cardiovascular and Systemic Effects of Obesities.

Figure 4:

In addition to cardiovascular outcomes, high-risk forms of obesities are associated with various combinations of abnormalities causing prejudice to patients’ health and quality of life. ***Commonly seen with severe obesity COVID-19: coronavirus disease 2019, HDL: high-density lipoprotein, HFpEF: heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, HFrEF: heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, LDL: low-density lipoprotein