Table 1.
Perceived controllability (ie, ability to diagnose, availability and scope of treatment options; ability to exercise treatment options) of complexity-contributing factors according to provider experience level
| Complexity-contributing factors | Provider experience* | |
| Low | High | |
| Case complexity drivers | ||
| Multimorbidity and polypharmacy | Low/medium | Medium/high |
| Changing health state | Low | Low |
| Mental health | Low | Medium |
| Patient level complexity moderators | ||
| Age | Low | Low |
| Managing patient’s extended care network (eg, family) | Low | Medium |
| Cultural and language differences | Low/medium | Low/medium |
| Non-adherence to treatment | Low | Low/medium |
| Diverging patient–provider health objectives | Low | Low/medium |
| Disease knowledge and literacy | Low/medium | Low/medium |
| Energy | Medium | Medium |
| Financial resources | Low/medium | Low/medium |
| Care provider-level moderators | ||
| Recognising weak indicators of complexity | Low | High |
| Managing non-standard/non-guideline cases | Low | High |
| Allotting time to complex patients | Low/medium | Low/medium |
| Care context level moderators | ||
| Cross-disciplinary coordination | Medium | High |
| Resolving cross-professional (eg, nurse–doctor) information asymmetries | Low/medium | High |
| Cross-level coordination | Low | High |
*Provider experience is anchored ‘low’: <3 years postgraduation; ‘high’:>3 years postgraduation.