Table 3.

Fine motor skill classification of cooking skills.

Motor Skill Category (Gerber et al., 2010; Payne & Isaacs, 2017; Rosenbloom & Horton, 1971)	Crude Hand Movements	Radial Palmar Grasp	Dynamic Quadrupod or Tripod Grasp	Combination of Various Grasps	Additional Skills
Age Range (Years) Cooking Skills	2–3	3–5	5–7	7–9	9+
	Washing Fruit and Vegetables	Stirring and Mixing	Sprinkling and Rubbing In	Weighing and Measuringd	Stirring and Mixinga
	Kneading and Mixing with Hands	Mashing	Breading, Flouring and Dipping	Using a Graterb	Cutting, Chopping and Slicingb
	Tearing	Spooning	Picking and Podding	Using an Oven or Microwavead	Using Scissorsb
	Using a Rolling Pin	Cutting, Chopping and Slicing	Greasing	Using a Can Openerb	Using a Peeler
	Using a Cookie Cutter	Spreading and Buttering	Peeling with Fingers	Crushing and Pounding	Skewering
	Rolling Mixtures into Balls	Using Scissorsb	Skeweringb	Pouring from a Container	Weighing and Measuringd
	Squeezing	Using a Peelerb		Draining	Using an Oven or Microwavead
	Breaking Vegetables into Pieces	Scraping Down a Bowl		Using a Hand Mixerc	Using a Can Openerb
		Brushing Oil on with a Pastry Brush		Shaking Liquids in a Sealed Container	Using a Hand Mixerc

The motor skills categorisation of cooking skills is sequential, i.e. older children have the motor skill capacity to accurately perform the skills of the younger children as well as the more complex skills aligned to their age range (Gerber et al., 2010; Payne & Isaacs, 2017; Rosenbloom & Horton, 1971). Superscript letters represent cooking skills that may need to be considered in an older age range due to additional developmental requirements:

^{a –}safety risk, potential for burns

^{b –}safety risk, sharp instruments or blades

^{c –}safety risk, other

^{d –}requirement of numeracy/literacy skills.