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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Med Care. 2021 Jun 1;59(6):477–486. doi: 10.1097/MLR.0000000000001521

Table 2.

Use of education, case management, and advanced practice pharmacy (ECP) services among adults with diabetes. Fiscal year 2012.

Adults with diabetes Adults with diabetes absent CVD Adults with diabetes and CVD
Average number of ECP visits 1.1 0.9 1.7 ***
Percent who had at least 1 ECP visit 41.0% 38.7% 47.2% ***
Average number of ECP visits among those who had at least 1 visit 2.8 2.3 3.7 ***
Distribution of the number of visits among those with at least one visit ***
 Percent who had 1 ECP visit 45.4% 48.3% 38.9%
 Percent who had 2 ECP visits 23.2% 23.9% 21.6%
 Percent who had 3 ECP visits 11.1% 11.1% 11.3%
 Percent who had 4 or more ECP visits 20.3% 16.7% 28.2%
 All 100% 100% 100%

CVD: cardiovascular disease

***

p < 0.001, statistical significance of differences between adults with and without CVD.