Table 2.

Pharmacokinetic parameters (mean ± SD) of andrographolide after oral administration of Andrographis paniculata extract preparations

A. paniculata preparation	Dose of andrographolide	Species	AUC (ng·h/mL)	Tmax (h)	Cmax (ng/mL)	Reference
60% ethanolic water soluble extract of A. paniculata	20 mg/kg of extract (5% andrographolide)	Male Wistar rats	7090 ± 1550a	2.41 ± 0.15	1273 ± 200	[35]
60% ethanolic water soluble extract of A. paniculata	200 mg/kg of extract (5% andrographolide)	Male Wistar rats	15070 ± 2000a	1.67 ± 0.3	3000 ± 600	[35]
Aqueous suspension of A. paniculata extract	35 mg/kg andrographolide	Rabbits	109.75 ± 4.07b	1.5	90 ± 20	[37]
A. paniculata extract liquid SMEDDS	35 mg/kg andrographolide	Rabbits	2882.8 ± 123.50b	1.5	800 ± 50	[37]
A. paniculata extract liquid SMEDDS	17.5 mg/kg andrographolide	Rabbits	1707.24 ± 145.8b	1.5	540 ± 70	[37]
A. paniculata extract SMEDDS pellets	17.5 mg/kg andrographolide	Rabbits	1480.85 ± 321.29b	1.5	440 ± 60	[37]

AUC area under the concentration-time curve, C_max maximum concentration, SMEDDS self-microemulsifying drug delivery system, T_max time to reach C_max

^aAUC_0–∞, ^bAUC_0–12h