Table I.
Demographics
| Children | Mothers | Fathers | |
|---|---|---|---|
| N | 71 | 70 | 50 |
| Age M (SD) | 9.03 months (6.90) | 31.92 (5.34) | 34.36 (7.07) |
| Sex of rearing N (%) | |||
| Girl | 44 (62.0) | ||
| Boy | 25 (35.2) | ||
| Unsure/non-designated | 2 (2.8) | ||
| Sex of rearing aligns with karyotype N (%) | 62 (88.6) | ||
| Diagnosis N (%) | |||
| 46, XX | 42 (59.2) | ||
| 21-hydroxylase deficiency | 35 (49.3 | ||
| 11-hydroxylase deficiency | 1 (1.4 | ||
| Ovotesticular DSD | 1 (1.4) | ||
| Unknown/unclassified | 1 (1.4) | ||
| Other | 2 (2.8) | ||
| 46, XY or 45, X/46, XY | 27 (38) | ||
| 5-Alpha reductase deficiency | 1 (1.4) | ||
| Androgen insensitivity syndrome | 2 (2.8) | ||
| Gonadal dysgenesis | 6 (8.5) | ||
| Ovotesticular DSD | 1 (1.4) | ||
| Unknown/unclassified | 15 (21.1) | ||
| Other | 1 (1.4) | ||
| Received genitoplasty N (%) | 65 (91.5) | ||
| Parent status | 69 (98.6) | 49 (98.0) | |
| Biological | 69 (98.6) | 49 (98.0) | |
| Adoptive | 1 (1.4) | 1 (2.0) | |
| Child had genitoplasty N (%) | |||
| Race/ethnicity N (%) | |||
| Hispanic | 16 (22.9) | 7 (14.0) | |
| Black/African American | 3 (4.3) | 3 (6.0) | |
| White/Caucasian | 46 (65.7) | 34 (68.0) | |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 4 (5.7) | 4 (8.0) | |
| Multiracial | 3 (4.3) | 1 (2.0) | |
| Other | 5 (7.1) | 5 (10.0) | |
| Marital status N (%) | |||
| Single, never married | 10 (14.3) | 2 (4.0) | |
| Divorced | 2 (2.9) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Married to parent of child with DSD | 53 (75.7) | 43 (86.0) | |
| Living with parent of child with DSD | 7 (10.0) | 5 (10.0) | |
| Not living with, but partnered with parent of child with DSD | 1 (1.4) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Highest education attained N (%) | 2 (2.9) | 1 (2.0) | |
| Some high school or less | 2 (2.9) | 1 (2.0) | |
| Finished high school/GED | 8 (11.4) | 7 (14.0) | |
| Some college or associates degree | 19 (27.14) | 15 (30.0) | |
| Bachelor’s degree | 24 (34.3) | 17 (34.0) | |
| Graduate degree | 12 (17.1) | 9 (18.0) | |
| Household income N (%) | 12 (17.1) | 3 (6.0) | |
| $0–19,999a | 12 (17.1) | 3 (6.0) | |
| $20,000–39,999 | 12 (17.1) | 9 (18.0) | |
| $40,000–59,999 | 6 (8.6) | 5 (10.0) | |
| $60,000–79,999 | 7 (10.0) | 5 (10.0) | |
| $80,000–99,999 | 7 (10.0) | 6 (12.0) | |
| $100,000+ | 22 (31.4) | 21 (42.0) |
Note. The sum for participant race and marital status is greater than the sample due to participants being able to select Hispanic as ethnicity as well as a race.
a
Below the federal poverty line for a family of 3.