Table 1. Patients’ demographics at TB diagnosis.
| Characteristic | Normoglycemia* N = 120 | Prediabetes N = 151 | P-value | DM N = 158 | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean age, years | 30 ± 12 | 29 ±13 | 0.98 | 45 ± 15 | <0.01 |
| 15–30 | 79(66%) | 97(64%) | 0.91 | 29(19%) | <0.01 |
| 31–45 | 32(27%) | 38(25%) | 0.90 | 48(30%) | 0.90 |
| 46–60 | 4(3%) | 10(7%) | 0.90 | 57(36% | <0.01 |
| >61 | 5(4%) | 6(4%) | 0.99 | 24(15%) | <0.01 |
| Male, n (%) | 69 (58%) | 92 (61%) | 0.83 | 114 (72%) | 0.03 |
| Mean BMI, kg/m2 | 20 ± 4 | 20 ± 4 | 0.83 | 22 ± 4 | 0.01 |
| Mean weight, kg | 52 ± 12 | 51 ± 12 | 0.63 | 57 ± 11 | 0.01 |
| Haemoptysis, n (%) | 18 (15%) | 29(19%) | 0.65 | 32 (20%) | 0.50 |
| Fever, n (%) | 98(82%) | 131 (87%) | 0.50 | 130(82%) | 0.99 |
| Weight loss, n (%) | 102(85%) | 114(76%) | 0.10 | 139(88%) | 0.80 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 45(38%) | 47(31%) | 0.52 | 54(34%) | 0.83 |
| History of DM, n (%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 100 (63%) | ||
| Diet only | - | - | 3 | ||
| Meds | 97 | ||||
| Insulin | 45 | ||||
| Metformin | 41 | ||||
| No history of DM + DM range hyperglycemia | - | - | 58 | ||
| TB location | |||||
| EPTB, n (%) | 36(30%) | 33(22%) | 0.25 | 27(17%) | 0.03 |
| PTB, n (%) | 84(70%) | 118(78%) | 0.25 | 131(83%) | 0.03 |
| Cavity, n (%) | 16 (13%) | 28 (19%) | 0.51 | 32(20%) | 0.29 |
| Household TB contacts, n (%) | 5 (4%) | 9 (6%) | 0.78 | 7 (5%) | 1.00 |
| Sputum culture, Positive, n (%) | 80(67%) | 104(69%) | 0.92 | 120 (76%) | 0.211 |
| GeneXpert Positive, n (%) | 67 (89%) | 98 (93%) | 0.74 | 111 (92%) | 0.83 |
| MTB burden, n (%) | |||||
| Low | 27(40%) | 37(38%) | 0.94 | 42(38%) | 0.94 |
| High | 40(60%) | 61(62%) | 0.94 | 69(62%) | 0.94 |
| Mean RBS, mmol | 5.5± 1 | 5.7 ±1.3 | 0.95 | 11.1 ±6.0 | <0.01 |
| Mean HbA1c% | 5.0 ±0.5 | 6.0 ±0.2 | <0.01 | 9.1± 2.5 | <0.01 |
*Reference for P-values.
Normoglycemia = HbA1c <5.9% with no history of diabetes mellitus. Prediabetes = with no history of diabetes and HbA1c 6.0–6.4%. DM: history of diabetes mellitus or HbA1c ≥6.5% regardless of DM history. BMI: Body mass index. TB: tuberculosis. Extrapulmonary TB(EPTB), Pulmonary TB (PTB) MTB: Mycobacterium tuberculosis. RBS/FBS: random blood sugar/fasting blood sugar.