(A) In men versus women, (B) in smokers versus non-smokers, and (C) in patients aged ≤ 64 yrs. versus > 64 yrs. According to carotid ultrasound findings, patients were divided into 3 groups: No carotid plaques, cPTmax 1.0–1.9 mm, cPTmax >1.9 mm. Based on the distribution of calcium scores from CT scanning of the carotid arteries, patients were divided into calcium score categories of 0, 1–100, 101–400 and >400. Non-smokers are defined as patients with 0 smocking pack yrs. and smokers as patients with smoking pack yrs. > 0. Age 64 yrs. is the median age of the CKD patients. The p-values are from cross tabulation and chi-square analysis (rows: Calcium score categories, columns: cPTmax categories).