A: RAW cells pre-labelled with Lucifer yellow and exposed to vehicle, or 0.5 μM rotenone 60 min, or 10 mM N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) 120 min alone, or in presence of 20 nM apilimod for the last 40 min. Fluorescence micrographs are represented as z-projections of 45–55 z-plane images obtained by spinning disc microscopy. Scale bar: 5 μm. B-D: Quantification of individual lysosome volume (B), lysosome number per cell (C), and total lysosome volume per cell (D). Data represent mean ± S.E.M. from three independent experiments, with 25–30 cells assessed per treatment condition per experiment. One-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc test was used, where * indicates statistical significance between indicated conditions (p<0.05).