Fig. 5.

Oral co-infection with periodontopathogens increases the number of B cells, CD4⁺and CD8⁺ cells in the submandibular lymph node. (A) Number of submandibular lymph node cells, (B) number of B cells, (C) number of CD8⁺ cells, and (D) number of CD4⁺ cells from C57BL/6 mice infected or not infected orally with 10⁹ CFU of each bacterial species, P. gingivalis (ATCC 33,277) and F. nucleatum (ATCC 25,586). The data represent the mean ± SEM. (A) WT = 13; WT FnPg = 17 and were analyzed using the Mann–Whitney test. (B) WT = 9; WT FnPg = 10, (C) WT = 3; WT FnPg = 3 and (D) WT = 12; WT FnPg = 16 and were analyzed using the two-tailed unpaired t-test. * p <0.05; **p <0.005; *** p <0.001 Pg: Porphyromonas gingivalis; Fn: Fusobacterium nucleatum; LN: lymph node.