Oral co-infection increases expression of osteoclastogenic markers. (A) RANK mRNA and (B) RANKL mRNA, in the gingival tissue using real time PCR of C57BL/6 (WT) mice co-infected orally or not with 109 CFU of each bacterial species, F. nucleatum strain (ATCC 25,586) and P. gingivalis (ATCC 33,277). (C) Relative levels of RANK mRNA and (D) of RANKL are shown in the gingival tissue using real-time PCR from C57BL/6 (WT) and P2 × 7−/− animals infected or not infected orally with 109 CFU of each strain P. gingivalis (ATCC 33,277) and F. nucleatum (ATCC 25,586). The data represent the mean ± SEM. (A) WT = 8; WT FnPg = 7, (B) WT = 8; WT FnPg = 10, and were analyzed using the two-tailed unpaired t-test. (C) WT FnPg = 10, P2 × 7−/- FnPg = 8; (D) WT FnPg = 8, P2 × 7−/- FnPg = 5. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, followed by the Tukey test. * p <0.05; **p <0.005; *** p <0.001 Pg: Porphyromonas gingivalis; Fn: Fusobacterium nucleatum.