Table 2. Summary statistics for lumbar wedging angles of the extant comparative sample.
| Level | Group/fossil | Human ♂ (48) | Human ♀ (31) | Pan (43) | Gorilla (31) | Pongo (10) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| L2 | Mean (stdev) | 4.4 (3.3) | 2.1 (2.1) | 4.6 (3.0) | 2.3 (2.7) | 5.3 (4.7) |
| 95% PI | –2.1, 10.9 | –2.0, 6.2 | –1.3,10.5 | –3.0, 7.6 | –3.9, 14.5 | |
| Min, max | –3.4, 12.8 | –2.1, 6.0 | –1.1, 12.4 | –4.0, 8.3 | –0.4, 14.4 | |
| L3 | Mean (stdev) | 2.4 (3.1) | 1.3 (2.6) | 4.5 (3.1) | 2.6 (2.0) | 6.1 (2.0) |
| 95% PI | –3.7, 8.5 | –3.8, 6.4 | –1.6, 10.6 | –1.3, 6.5 | 2.2, 10.0 | |
| Min, max | –4.8, 11.2 | –3.4, 6.6 | –2.4, 10.9 | –2.2, 7.5 | 3.2, 8.6 | |
| L4 | Mean (stdev) | –0.5 (2.8) | –1.5 (2.9) | 3.5 (3.4) | 1.3 (2.5) | 4.8 (3.8) |
| 95% PI | –6.0, 5.0 | –7.2, 4.2 | –3.2, 10.2 | –3.6, 6.2 | –2.6, 12.2 | |
| Min, max | –8.3, 4.8 | –7.9, 4.6 | –3.6, 10.9 | –3.9, 7.1 | –1.0, 11.3 | |
| L5 | Mean (stdev) | –5.9 (2.9) | –6.5 (3.1) | –0.5 (2.8) | –0.8 (2.2) | 2.0 (4.1) |
| 95% PI | −11.6,–0.2 | −12.6,–0.4 | –6.0, 5.0 | –5.1, 3.5 | –6.0, 10.0 | |
| Min,max | –11.6, 1.8 | –12.3, 2.2 | –5.9, 7.0 | –6.2, 3.5 | –5.2, 8.0 | |
| Sum | Mean (stdev) | 0.4 (7.8) | –4.9 (8.1) | 12.1 (8.8) | 5.4 (5.7) | 18.1 (9.5) |
| 95% PI | –15.0, 15.7 | –20.8, 11.0 | –5.1, 29.3 | –5.8, 16.6 | 8.6, 27.6 | |
| Min, max | –15.6, 15.5 | –18.2, 11.2 | –5.2, 31.7 | –8.1, 15.7 | 0.04, 36.0 |