Figure 4.

AU controls the NF-κB signaling pathway induced by LTA in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Cells were pretreated with AU (5 and 10 μM) for 30 min and were then stimulated with LTA (5 μg/ml) for 1 h. The phosphorylation of (a) IκBα and (b) p65 in LTA-induced RAW cells was detected as described in Section 2. (c) PTE inhibited LTA-induced p65 nuclear translocation. The values shown are the means ± S.E.M. of four independent experiments. ^∗∗ < 0.01 and ^∗∗∗ < 0.001 vs. the control cells; ^#P < 0.05, ^##P < 0.01, and ^###P < 0.001 vs. LTA-stimulated cells.