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. 2021 Nov 16;2021:9979560. doi: 10.1155/2021/9979560

Table 5.

Precision, recall, f1-score, accuracy, and execution time of different models using different features selection algorithms.

Method Model Keratoconus classification using 2 classes Keratoconus classification using 4 classes
Precision Recall F1-score Accuracy Time in second Precision Recall F1-score Accuracy Time in second
All features LR 0.97 0.97 0.97 97.38% 1.384256 0.93 0.94 0.93 93.52% 2.281342
LDA 0.96 0.96 0.96 96.17% 1.949949 0.9 0.9 0.9 89.88% 1.747491
KNN 0.96 0.96 0.95 95.73% 6.792791 0.91 0.91 0.91 91.37% 5.829261
CART 0.97 0.96 0.96 96.14% 5.563709 0.92 0.92 0.92 91.49% 6.864419
NB 0.95 0.93 0.94 93.30% 0.273079 0.89 0.65 0.71 64.80% 0.242261
SVM 0.93 0.92 0.88 91.88% 9.076491 0.76 0.82 0.75 82.36% 14.471874
RF 0.98 0.98 0.98 98.00% 16.014512 0.95 0.95 0.95 95.32% 20.485403
Filter and mutual information LR 0.93 0.93 0.93 93.46% 0.898035 0.81 0.87 0.84 87.35% 2.377594
LDA 0.97 0.97 0.97 96.93% 0.230103 0.87 0.9 0.87 90.01% 0.092326
KNN 0.95 0.96 0.95 95.61% 0.259209 0.83 0.87 0.84 87.32% 0.192763
CART 0.96 0.96 0.96 95.67% 0.180062 0.88 0.88 0.88 87.83% 0.190027
NB 0.95 0.94 0.94 94.06% 0.060432 0.87 0.8 0.82 79.79% 0.059485
SVM 0.9 0.92 0.89 91.97% 0.796906 0.77 0.83 0.75 82.58% 1.20752
RF 0.97 0.97 0.97 97.15% 3.884638 0.89 0.91 0.89 90.54% 4.793544
ANOVA LR 0.95 0.95 0.95 95.29% 1.03231 0.82 0.88 0.85 88.49% 1.463929
LDA 0.96 0.96 0.96 96.27% 0.144063 0.86 0.89 0.86 89.28% 0.092706
KNN 0.95 0.96 0.95 95.57% 0.203406 0.86 0.88 0.87 87.92% 0.186572
CART 0.96 0.96 0.96 95.61% 0.155927 0.87 0.87 0.87 87.13% 0.165356
NB 0.95 0.93 0.94 92.85% 0.06592 0.88 0.69 0.74 68.66% 0.067247
SVM 0.95 0.95 0.95 95.35% 0.628557 0.8 0.86 0.81 85.52% 1.203339
RF 0.97 0.97 0.97 97.03 3.067386 0.9 0.91 0.9 90.83% 4.246253
Embedded LR 0.97 0.97 0.97 96.97% 0.772439 0.83 0.89 0.85 88.87% 1.47536
LDA 0.97 0.97 0.97 97.12% 0.183223 0.88 0.9 0.87 89.66% 0.191917
KNN 0.96 0.96 0.96 96.33% 0.351021 0.89 0.89 0.88 88.74% 0.198216
CART 0.97 0.97 0.97 96.55% 0.399475 0.88 0.88 0.88 88.39% 0.343518
NB 0.96 0.95 0.96 95.16% 0.059198 0.9 0.82 0.85 82.16% 0.061666
SVM 0.96 0.96 0.96 96.05% 0.745212 0.81 0.86 0.82 86.24% 1.343924
RF 0.98 0.98 0.98 97.63% 4.735932 0.91 0.91 0.91 91.21% 5.290628
Embedded and filter LR 0.96 0.96 0.96 96.08% 0.71674 0.8 0.87 0.83 86.62% 1.191328
LDA 0.96 0.96 0.96 96.11% 0.216366 0.89 0.88 0.85 88.49% 0.059547
KNN 0.96 0.96 0.96 96.21% 0.185542 0.86 0.88 0.86 88.43% 0.151569
CART 0.96 0.96 0.96 95.45% 0.084678 0.86 0.86 0.86 85.42% 0.088294
NB 0.94 0.94 0.94 94.28% 0.06354 0.88 0.89 0.88 88.90% 0.059538
SVM 0.95 0.95 0.94 94.88% 0.510619 0.8 0.86 0.81 85.80% 0.873448
RF 0.97 0.97 0.97 96.81% 2.4646 0.89 0.9 0.89 89.79% 2.605076
Filter and RFE LR 0.98 0.98 0.98 97.63% 0.802103 0.8 0.86 0.82 86.15% 2.173507
LDA 0.97 0.97 0.97 97.09% 0.180395 0.87 0.9 0.87 89.91% 0.091918
KNN 0.95 0.96 0.95 95.57% 0.287014 0.83 0.87 0.84 87.29% 0.16819
CART 0.96 0.96 0.96 96.21% 0.162709 0.9 0.89 0.89 89.28% 0.18652
NB 0.95 0.94 0.94 94.31% 0.064485 0.87 0.86 0.87 86.31% 0.055916
SVM 0.9 0.92 0.89 91.97% 0.838237 0.77 0.83 0.75 82.58% 1.209206
RF 0.98 0.98 0.98 97.63% 3.765689 0.93 0.93 0.93 93.17% 4.597132
RFE LR 0.94 0.94 0.94 94.37% 0.724412 0.83 0.89 0.85 88.87% 1.428089
LDA 0.97 0.97 0.97 96.84% 0.173882 0.89 0.9 0.87 89.88% 0.09103
KNN 0.97 0.97 0.97 97.06% 0.272294 0.9 0.9 0.9 89.98% 0.213538
CART 0.97 0.97 0.97 96.52% 0.13398 0.91 0.9 0.91 90.26% 0.206897
NB 0.96 0.96 0.96 95.61% 0.055933 0.91 0.86 0.87 85.52% 0.05992
SVM 0.96 0.96 0.96 96.14% 0.502924 0.81 0.86 0.82 86.43% 1.160413
RF 0.98 0.98 0.98 97.91% 3.210188 0.94 0.94 0.94 93.83% 4.381234
Filter and HRFA LR 0.84 0.92 0.88 91.65% 0.234221 0.7 0.83 0.76 82.89% 1.201195
LDA 0.84 0.92 0.88 91.65% 0.068874 0.7 0.83 0.76 82.96% 0.063042
KNN 0.86 0.91 0.88 90.99% 0.173318 0.74 0.81 0.77 80.58% 0.157148
CART 0.86 0.87 0.86 86.78% 0.078698 0.74 0.76 0.75 76.13% 0.075387
NB 0.84 0.92 0.88 91.65% 0.060843 0.75 0.83 0.76 83.05% 0.057565
SVM 0.84 0.92 0.88 91.65% 0.589599 0.7 0.83 0.76 82.99% 1.006607
RF 0.86 0.89 0.87 88.90% 2.95956 0.74 0.78 0.76 77.90% 3.135792
Filter and SFS LR 0.96 0.96 0.96 96.30% 0.661703 0.81 0.87 0.84 87.45% 1.456912
LDA 0.97 0.97 0.97 96.96% 0.092182 0.87 0.89 0.86 89.06% 0.092238
KNN 0.96 0.96 0.96 95.86% 0.20427 0.84 0.87 0.85 86.75% 0.198333
CART 0.96 0.96 0.96 95.98% 0.136162 0.9 0.9 0.9 89.98% 0.226029
NB 0.94 0.94 0.94 94.21% 0.057639 0.89 0.86 0.87 86.12% 0.059771
SVM 0.9 0.92 0.89 91.97% 0.639869 0.81 0.87 0.83 86.62% 1.280597
RF 0.98 0.98 0.98 97.76% 3.377056 0.93 0.94 0.93 93.64% 4.575722
SFS LR 0.98 0.98 0.98 97.60% 0.627829 0.8 0.86 0.82 86.34% 1.447075
LDA 0.97 0.97 0.97 97.31% 0.150447 0.89 0.9 0.88 89.95% 0.091448
KNN 0.96 0.96 0.96 96.40% 0.264232 0.9 0.9 0.9 90.01% 0.179493
CART 0.97 0.97 0.97 97.09% 0.148523 0.91 0.91 0.91 91.33% 0.158256
NB 0.95 0.94 0.94 94.12% 0.059645 0.91 0.86 0.88 86.09% 0.056018
SVM 0.96 0.96 0.95 95.89% 0.516274 0.76 0.85 0.8 85.04% 1.071349
RF 0.98 0.98 0.98 98.10% 3.241881 0.95 0.95 0.95 95.32% 3.702065
Genetic LR 0.97 0.98 0.97 97.53% 0.660959 0.82 0.88 0.84 87.98% 1.426594
LDA 0.97 0.97 0.97 96.81% 0.090565 0.9 0.9 0.9 90.36% 0.091082
KNN 0.97 0.97 0.97 96.81% 0.198013 0.84 0.87 0.85 87.13% 0.183919
CART 0.97 0.97 0.97 97.12% 0.148974 0.91 0.91 0.91 90.20% 0.191642
NB 0.96 0.95 0.95 94.75% 0.058466 0.91 0.88 0.89 87.51% 0.055448
SVM 0.95 0.95 0.95 95.32% 0.636181 0.81 0.87 0.83 86.75% 1.192417
RF 0.98 0.98 0.98 98.04% 3.51857 0.94 0.94 0.94 94.34% 4.337631
Filter and SBS LR 0.97 0.97 0.97 96.93% 0.662359 0.81 0.87 0.83 86.88% 1.44051
LDA 0.96 0.96 0.96 96.24% 0.090107 0.88 0.9 0.87 89.60% 0.091316
KNN 0.95 0.96 0.95 95.67% 0.192713 0.84 0.87 0.85 86.88% 0.190318
CART 0.96 0.96 0.96 95.70% 0.14732 0.9 0.9 0.9 90.26% 0.189021
NB 0.94 0.94 0.94 94.44% 0.055937 0.89 0.83 0.85 82.86% 0.055396
SVM 0.9 0.92 0.89 91.94% 0.649443 0.81 0.87 0.82 86.53% 1.272575
RF 0.97 0.97 0.97 97.34% 3.432132 0.94 0.94 0.93 93.71% 4.532753
SBS LR 0.98 0.98 0.98 97.85% 0.662359
LDA 0.97 0.97 0.97 97.31% 0.090107
KNN 0.96 0.96 0.96 96.08% 0.192713
CART 0.97 0.97 0.97 96.90% 0.14732 N.A
NB 0.95 0.94 0.94 93.87% 0.055937
SVM 0.95 0.95 0.94 95.07% 0.649443
RF 0.98 0.98 0.98 98.07% 3.432132