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Graphical abstract. The ES was prepared using ethanol extraction and macroporous adsorption resin purification. The components of ES were identified by UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS. The anti-inflammatory effect of ES was associated with the inhibition of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α via negative regulation of MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways in LPS-induced THP-1 cells.
