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Effect of ES on MAPK signaling pathway in LPS-induced THP-1 cells. Cells were treated with ES (12.5, 25, and 50 μg/mL) for 1 h and then incubated with or without LPS (1 μg/mL) for 1 h. Protein expression was tested by western blot (##P < 0.01 versus the blank control group; ∗P < 0.05 and ∗∗P < 0.01 versus the LPS-treated group).
