Table 1.
Distribution of exposure variables in total cohort and by faecal elastase-1 result, and result from the univariable logistic regression analysis
|
Variable
|
Total cohort, n (%)
|
FE1 ≥ 200 μg/g, n (%)
|
FE1 < 200 μg/g, n (%)
|
OR (95%CI)
|
P
value
|
| Total | 1027 (100) | 845 (82.3) | 182 (17.7) | ||
| Demographics | |||||
| Age (yr) (mean ± SD) | 53.01 (17.2) | 52.29 (17.4) | 56.42 (16.0) | 1.01 (1.01-1.02) | 0.003 |
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 436 (42.5) | 343 (40.6) | 93 (51.1) | 1.53 (1.11-2.11) | 0.010 |
| Ethnicity | |||||
| Asian | 159 (15.5) | 116 (13.7) | 43 (23.6) | 2.02 (1.33-3.06) | 0.001 |
| Black | 105 (10.2) | 85 (10.1) | 20 (11.0) | 1.28 (0.75-2.19) | 0.370 |
| Other | 203 (19.8) | 171 (20.2) | 32 (17.6) | 1.02 (0.65-1.58) | 0.939 |
| Comorbidities | |||||
| Type 1 diabetes | 25 (2.4) | 18 (2.1) | 7 (3.9) | 1.84 (0.76-4.46) | 0.180 |
| Type 2 diabetes | 182 (17.7) | 125 (14.8) | 57 (31.3) | 2.62 (1.82-3.78) | < 0.001 |
| IBD | 42 (4.1) | 36 (4.3) | 6 (3.3) | 0.77 (0.32-1.84) | 0.551 |
| Liver cirrhosis | 57 (5.6) | 40 (4.7) | 17 (9.3) | 2.07 (1.15-3.74) | 0.016 |
| Chronic pancreatitis | 48 (4.7) | 15 (1.8) | 33 (18.1) | 12.26 (6.50-23.12) | < 0.001 |
| Pancreatic cancer | 11 (1.1) | 4 (0.5) | 7 (3.9) | 8.41 (2.44-29.04) | 0.001 |
| Previous acute pancreatitis | 23 (2.2) | 17 (2.0) | 6 (3.3) | 1.66 (0.65-4.27) | 0.293 |
| Upper GI surgery | 49 (4.8) | 33 (3.9) | 16 (8.8) | 2.37 (1.27-4.40) | 0.006 |
| Cholecystectomy | 57 (5.6) | 47 (5.6) | 10 (5.5) | 0.99 (0.49-1.99) | 0.968 |
| Bile acid malabsorption | 111 (10.8) | 94 (11.1) | 17 (9.3) | 1.03 (0.52-2.04) | 0.938 |
| Coeliac disease | 15 (1.5) | 13 (1.5) | 2 (1.1) | 0.71 (0.16-3.17) | 0.654 |
| CCF | 13 (1.3) | 8 (1.0) | 5 (2.8) | 2.95 (0.95-9.13) | 0.060 |
| CKD | 38 (3.7) | 25 (3.0) | 13 (7.1) | 2.52 (1.26-5.03) | 0.009 |
| Hyperparathyroidism | 9 (0.9) | 8 (1.0) | 1 (0.6) | 0.58 (0.07-4.64) | 0.606 |
| HIV | 9 (0.9) | 6 (0.7) | 3 (1.7) | 2.34 (0.58-9.45) | 0.232 |
| Haemochromatosis | 3 (0.3) | 3 (0.4) | 0 (0) | - | - |
| PPI therapy1 | 425 (41.4) | 316 (37.4) | 109 (59.9) | 2.50 (1.78-3.52) | < 0.001 |
| Alcohol excess1 | |||||
| Ex-excess | 108 (10.5) | 70 (8.3) | 38 (20.9) | 3.24 (1.68-6.22) | 0.001 |
| Current excess | 114 (11.1) | 87 (10.3) | 27 (14.8) | 1.83 (1.13-2.97) | 0.014 |
| Smoking history1 | |||||
| Ex-smoker | 261 (25.4) | 207 (24.5) | 54 (29.7) | 1.55 (0.98-2.46) | 0.061 |
| Current smoker | 176 (17.1) | 132 (15.6) | 44 (24.2) | 2.00 (1.31-3.04) | 0.001 |
1
Proportions and odds ratios derived from the pooled multiple imputation datasets. Ethnicity reference group is white ethnicity; Alcohol excess reference group is never excess; Smoking history reference group is never-smoker. IBD: Inflammatory bowel disease; GI: Gastrointestinal; CCF: Congestive heart failure; CKD: Chronic kidney disease; HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus; PPI: Proton pump inhibitor; FE1: Faecal elastase-1.