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. 2021 Nov 23;11:22794. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-02304-0

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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The cervicovaginal metabolome clusters by community state type (CST). Independent principal component analysis (IPCA) plots of metabolite profiles colored by CST (a) and birth outcome (b). Blue dots indicate CST I samples in (a) and term birth (TB) samples in (b); yellow triangles indicate CST IV samples in (a) and spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) samples in (b); circles indicate the 95% confidence ellipse of samples. p values of permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) are shown in each panel. The two components with the largest explained variance of metabolite composition, IPC 5 (24%) and IPC 3 (18%), are shown.