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. 2021 Nov 23;11:22773. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-01965-1

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Differential expression of genes detected by RNA-seq in vapers and smokers as compared to controls. (A) Numbers of up-regulated and down-regulated genes in vapers and smokers are indicated (FC > 1.5 and FDR < 0.1) (B) Gene/transcript biotypes (based on Ensembl classification) in vapers and smokers. Percentages of mitochondrial DEGs (protein-coding and noncoding) in vapers and smokers are specified. NUC, nuclear; MT, mitochondrial. (C) Venn diagram of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in vapers and smokers.