Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2021 Nov 24;6:400. doi: 10.1038/s41392-021-00788-w

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

Fig. 2 — The activation process of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. PI3K, composed of one catalytic (p110) domain and one regulatory (p85), can be activated by G-protein coupled receptor, RTK, IGF-R, and B-cell receptor. Activated PI3K facilitates the conversion of PIP2 to PIP3. PIP3 activates PDK1, and then PDK1 phosphorylates AKT at Thr308. AKT can be also phosphorylated, and activated by PDK2 at Ser473. Activated AKT can regulate mangy cellular biological functions by interacting with numerous downstream signaling molecules, such as p21, p27, TGFβ, ataxin-1, GABA receptors, Bad, NF-κB, and mTOR. Image created with BioRender (https://biorender.com/)