Table 1.

Melanoma-subordinate syndromes

Syndrome name	Main pathology	Affected genes	Reference
Werner syndrome	Accelerated aging	WRN	[57,58]
BRCA1- and BRCA2-associated hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome (HBOC)	Breast and ovarian cancer	BRCA1, BRCA2	[59]
PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS) with its subform Cowden syndrome	Hamartoma, macrocephaly, gastrointestinal polyposis, lipoma, intellectual disabilities, disorders of the autism spectrum and increased cancer risk	PTEN	[18,60]
Lynch syndrome Alternatively, hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer syndrome (HNPCC)	Colorectal, endometrial, and ovarian cancer	MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2, EPCAM	[57,61]
Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) Alternatively, sarcoma, breast, leukemia, and adrenal gland syndrome (SBLA)	Adrenocortical carcinoma, breast cancer, central nervous system tumors, osteosarcoma, soft-tissue sarcoma	TP53	[57,62]
Xeroderma pigmentosum	Non-melanoma skin cancers	XPA, XPB, XPC, XPD, XPF, XPG, POLH	[18,63]