Table 3.
Constitutional epigenetic changes of specific genes and melanoma susceptibility
| Study | Gene methylation associated with melanoma risk factors | Gene methylation associated with cutaneous melanoma | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pergoli et al. (2014) | DYSPLASTIC NEVI | Positive: CDKN2A/p16, MLH1, TNF-α and with lower nevi count (<20), ICAM-1 and ALU can also be associated with cutaneous melanoma | [12] |
| Positive: ALU | Negative (protective): CDK4, yet positively associated with higher nevi count (>20) | ||
| Negative (protective): hTERT, TNF-α | |||
| Hyland et al. (2014) | - | Hypomethylation of TNFRSF10C (occurred only in probands without CDKN2A pathogenic variants) | [11] |
| Cappetta et al. (2015) | - | Widespread non-gene specific DNA hypomethylation in leukocytes (also valid for breast cancer) | [53] |
| Roos et al. (2017) | HIGH NEVUS COUNT | DNA methylation changes in ACTRT3, ANXA9, ARNT, ASIP, ATM, CASP8, CDC91L1, DKN2A, CLPTM1L, CTSK, DOCK3, EYS, FTO, LASS2, MC1R, MCL1, MX2, NR, PARP1, PLA2G6, SETDB1, SLC45A2, TERT, TET2, TYR | [54] |
| Hypermethylation: ARRDC1, FAM107B, KCNN4 | |||
| Hypomethylation: CTC1, GABRB3 | |||
| Unspecified DNA methylation changes: NID1, PLA2G6, RAF1, STUM, ZSWIM2 |