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Prevalence of low self-esteem and sleep disturbance in medical undergraduates with and without smartphone addiction
| Variables | Medical undergraduates, addiction (n=260) | χ 2 | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| With smartphone | Without smartphone | |||
| Low self-esteem | 82 (31.54) | 68 (28.33) | 0.611 | 0.435 (NS) |
| Sleep disturbance | 180 (69.23) | 70 (29.17) | 80.128 | <0.00001 (S) |
NS – Not significant; S – Significant
