Table 4.

Results from Two-Wave Latent Change Score Models Estimating Change in Sibling Relationship Qualities with the Onset of the COVID-19 Pandemic

	Sibling Intimacy			Sibling Disclosure			Sibling Conflict
	B	(SE)	p	B	(SE)	p	B	(SE)	p
Time 1 Parent education	.03	(.02)	.10	.00	(.02)	.99	−.02	(.02)	.19
Time 1 Income	.01	(.02)	.54	.00	(.01)	.81	.00	(.01)	.83
Time 2 Parent education	.01	(.02)	.51	−.03	(.02)	.26	−.00	(.02)	.83
Time 2 Income	.01	(.02)	.60	.01	(.02)	.49	.01	(.02)	.47
Time 1 Household size	−.05	(.03)	.13	−.06	(.03)	.06	−.03	(.03)	.26
Time 2 Household size	.01	(.03)	.80	−.02	(.04)	.59	−.03	(.03)	.23
Time 1 Marital status	−.25*	(.10)	.01	−.11	(.10)	.28	.15	(.09)	.11
Time 2 Marital status	−.05	(.12)	.70	−.14	(.14)	.33	.00	(.11)	.99
Time 1 Parent race	−.34**	(.11)	.002	−.26*	(.11)	.02	.06	(.10)	.57
Time 2 Parent race	.01	(.12)	.93	.16	(.15)	.28	−.04	(.11)	.71
Mean of Change score	−.91	(.86)	.29	.41	(1.02)	.69	1.21	(.77)	.12
Time 1 ←→ Change score	.23***	(.06)	<.001	.62***	(.07)	<.001	.60***	(.06)	<.001
Change score ← Months between assessments	−.00	(.01)	.81	−.02	(.01)	.22	.01	(.01)	.35
Change score ← Youth gender	−.25***	(.08)	<.001	−.40***	(.09)	<.001	−.09	(.07)	.17
Change score ← Sibling gender composition	−.05	(.09)	.54	−.48***	(.10)	<.001	−.03	(.08)	.68
Change score ← Sibling age difference	−.05	(.04)	.30	−.11*	(.05)	.02	.03	(.04)	.49
Change score ← Birth order	.13*	(.06)	.02	.05	(.07)	.48	−.10*	(.05)	.03
Change score ← Age	.03	(.04)	.54	−.00	(.05)	.93	−.09*	(.04)	.02
Change score ← Chaos	−.36***	(.05)	<.001	−.14**	(.05)	.003	.31***	(.05)	<.001

^*p < .05,

^**p < .01,

^***p < .001