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. 2021 Nov 24;9(22):e15125. doi: 10.14814/phy2.15125

TABLE 2.

Circulatory responses to isometric handgrip (IHG) exercise followed by 3 min of postexercise muscle ischemia (PEMI) in Experiment 1

n Rest IHG PEMI Rec p‐value
1st min 2nd min 3rd min Age Stim. mode Interaction
SBP (mmHg) Young 12 114 ± 2 graphic file with name PHY2-9-e15125-g009.jpg graphic file with name PHY2-9-e15125-g005.jpg graphic file with name PHY2-9-e15125-g008.jpg graphic file with name PHY2-9-e15125-g003.jpg graphic file with name PHY2-9-e15125-g004.jpg 0.099 <0.001 0.126
Middle‐aged 13 123 ± 3
Older adult 14 121 ± 3
DBP (mmHg) Young 12 71 ± 2 91 ± 3* 85 ± 3* 87 ± 3* 87 ± 3* 75 ± 3 0.011 <0.001 0.003
Middle‐aged 13 80 ± 1Y 96 ± 2* 94 ± 3* 94 ± 3* 94 ± 2* 88 ± 2*Y
Older adult 14 80 ± 1Y 88 ± 2*M 86 ± 1* 88 ± 2* 88 ± 2* 83 ± 2
HR (bpm) Young 12 61 ± 2 78 ± 3* 67 ± 3† 67 ± 2† 69 ± 2* 64 ± 3 0.64 <0.001 0.016
Middle‐aged 13 61 ± 1 72 ± 2* 63 ± 2† 64 ± 2† 66 ± 2*† 64 ± 2*
Older adult 14 65 ± 2 71 ± 2* 65 ± 2† 66 ± 2*‡† 68 ± 2*‡† 66 ± 2

The young and middle‐aged groups performed 2 min of IHG exercise whereas the older adult group completed it for 1 min. Thus, we adopted the value at the 2nd minute of IHG exercises in both the young and middle‐aged groups and the value at the 1st minute of it in the older adult group. SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HR, heart rate; Rec, recovery. Due to there being no significant interaction in SBP, time series data (the effect of stimulation mode) were analyzed regardless of the group. *p < 0.05 versus Rest; † p < 0.05 versus IHG; ‡ p < 0.05 versus PEMI at 1st minute; Y p < 0.05 versus young group; M p < 0.05 versus middle‐aged group.