Table 4.
Association between previous disorders, divided into remitted or current comorbid disorders, and severe role impairment
| Home | Work | Relationship | Social | Any impairment | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI | p | OR | 95% CI | p | OR | 95% CI | p | OR | 95% CI | p | OR | 95% CI | p | |
| Disorders | |||||||||||||||
| No previous disorders (ref) | – | – | – | – | – | ||||||||||
| Depressive distress disorders | 0.4 | 0.3–0.6 | <0.001 | 0.5 | 0.4–0.7 | <0.001 | 0.7 | 0.5–1.0 | 0.05 | 0.6 | 0.4–0.8 | 0.001 | 0.6 | 0.4–0.8 | 0.002 |
| Non-depressive distress disorders, remitted | 1.0 | 0.7–1.4 | 0.97 | 1.2 | 0.8–1.6 | 0.36 | 1.2 | 0.8–1.6 | 0.35 | 1.0 | 0.8–1.4 | 0.79 | 1.0 | 0.8–1.4 | 0.78 |
| Non-depressive distress disorders, current | 1.3 | 1.1–1.7 | 0.005 | 1.3 | 1.0–1.6 | 0.023 | 1.5 | 1.2–1.8 | <0.001 | 1.4 | 1.2–1.8 | <0.001 | 1.4 | 1.1–1.8 | 0.002 |
| Fear disorders, remitted | 0.9 | 0.7–1.2 | 0.36 | 0.8 | 0.6–1.1 | 0.26 | 0.9 | 0.6–1.2 | 0.36 | 1.1 | 0.8–1.5 | 0.49 | 1.0 | 0.8–1.4 | 0.83 |
| Fear disorders, current | 0.9 | 0.8–1.2 | 0.61 | 1.0 | 0.8–1.2 | 0.97 | 1.2 | 1.0–1.5 | 0.039 | 1.3 | 1.0–1.6 | 0.020 | 1.2 | 1.0–1.5 | 0.08 |
| Externalising disorders, remitted | 1.0 | 0.8–1.4 | 0.78 | 1.1 | 0.8–1.5 | 0.51 | 1.2 | 0.9–1.5 | 0.16 | 1.3 | 1.0–1.6 | 0.027 | 1.3 | 1.0–1.7 | 0.07 |
| Externalising disorders, current | 1.2 | 0.9–1.7 | 0.18 | 1.1 | 0.9–1.5 | 0.35 | 1.3 | 0.9–1.7 | 0.11 | 1.5 | 1.1–2.1 | 0.006 | 1.7 | 1.2–2.3 | <0.001 |
MDD, major depressive disorder; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.
Association between severe role impairment and previous depressive distress, non-depressive distress, fear or externalising disorders, among respondents with 12-month MDD. Previous disorders are divided into remitted and current disorders.
Depressive distress disorders: major depressive disorder and dysthymia; non-depressive distress disorders: generalised anxiety disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder; fear disorders: agoraphobia, panic disorder, separation anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, specific phobia; externalising disorders: intermittent explosive disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, alcohol abuse, alcohol dependence, drug abuse and drug dependence.
Analyses are adjusted for country, age, sex, education, marital status, employment status and MDD characteristics (age of onset, chronicity, severity).