TABLE 1.
Nuclear Properties of Discussed TAT Radionuclides and Their Current Production Route*
| Isotope | Half-life | Current production routes | Potential to increase production |
|---|---|---|---|
| 227Th/223Ra | 18.70 d/11.43 d | Decay of 227Ac (generator 227Ac/227Th/223Ra) | Produce 227Ac via neutron irradiation of 226Ra |
| 225Ac/213Bi | 9.92 d/45.61 min | Decay of 229Th (generator 229Th/225Ra/225Ac); 232Th(p,x)225Ac (227Ac contamination or 225Ra/225Ac generator) | Provide additional stock of 229Th; scale up spallation on 232Th production; 226Ra(p,2n)225Ac; 226Ra(γ,n)225Ra→225Ac |
| 211At | 7.21 h | 209Bi(α,2n)211At | Explore production at existing and upcoming facilities with α-beam; 211Rn/211At generator route |
| 212Pb/212Bi | 10.64 h/60.55 min | Decay of 228Th (generator 228Th/224Ra/ 212Pb/212Bi) | Increase production of 228Th (e.g., by-product of 227Ac production and 232Th spallation) |
| 230U/226Th | 20.8 d/30.57 min | 232Th(p,3n)230Pa→230U/226Th; 231Pa(p,2n)230U/226Th; 232Th(p,xn)230Pa→ 230U/226Th | Develop scale-up production for p,3n route; extraction as by-product of 232Th spallation |
| 149Tb | 4.12 h | natTa(p,x)149Tb (mass separation) | Produce regularly at CERN MEDICIS with PRISMAP initiative; engage other ISOL facilities |
*
None have sufficient availability for routine clinical application.