TABLE 2.
Primary outcomes
| DOA (n = 4) | DED (n = 12) | DIP (n = 52) | LIVED (n = 27) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||||
| Age mean, y | 70.8 | 65.6 | 62.9 | 60 | P = 0.0037 |
| BMI mean | 24.9 | 29 | 30 | 35.7 | P = 0.068 |
| Gender | |||||
| Female | 2 | 6 | 7 | 11 | M v F |
| Male | 2 | 6 | 45 | 16 | P < 0.001 |
| Exam findings | |||||
| Initial SPO2 RA | – | 90.3 | 88.1 | 94 | P = 0.675 |
| Delta SPO2 | – | 11.8 | 8.82 | 9.33 | P = 0.389 |
| RR | – | 24.9 | 35.1 | 25.7 | P = 0.244 |
| Labs (initial) | |||||
| Lactate | – | 8.15 | 3.56 | 2.62 | P < 0.0001 |
| Creatinine | – | 3.39 | 1.95 | 1.77 | P = 0.0073 |
| D‐dimer | – | 7520 | 5930 | 1130 | P = 0.0045 |
| WBC | – | 10.4 | 11.8 | 12.9 | P = 0.0027 |
| Risk factors | |||||
| Hypertension | 4 | 6 | 34 | 16 | P = 0.67 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 1 | 6 | 26 | 14 | P = 0.319 |
| Congestive heart failure (CHF) | 0 | 2 | 4 | 6 | P = .475 |
| Coronary artery disease (CAD) | 0 | 1 | 10 | 1 | P = 0.0067 |
| Reactive airway disease (asthma/COPD) | 1 | 1 | 11 | 17 | P = 0.597 |
| HIV | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | |
| Medications | |||||
| Oral steroids | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
| ACE inhibitor | 0 | 2 | 8 | 4 | |
| RAAs | 0 | 2 | 8 | 4 | |
| Beta blocker | 1 | 3 | 10 | 8 | |
Abbreviations: RR, respiratory rate; RAAS, A class of blood pressure medication Renin‐Angtiotensin‐Aldosterone System.