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. 2021 Nov 24;7(48):eabl6432. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abl6432

Fig. 4. In vitro TNF-α–scavenging and pro-osteoblastogenesis efficiencies of RAW-PLGA nanodecoys.

Fig. 4.

(A) Relative TNF-α concentration after treatment with PLGA NPs, RBC-PLGA NPs, RAW vesicles, or RAW-PLGA nanodecoys at the initial TNF-α concentration of 500 pg/ml (n = 3). (B) Apoptosis of MC3T3-E1 cells as determined by flow cytometry. (C) Relative mRNA levels of NF-κB–related genes (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) and osteoblast transcription factor genes (RUNX2 and OSX) in MC3T3-E1 cells (n = 3). (D) ALP protein level in MC3T3-E1 cells (n = 3). (E) Relative OSC mRNA level in MC3T3-E1 cells (n = 3). (F) Alizarin Red S staining images of MC3T3-E1 cells (scale bar, 100 μm). (G) Quantification of Alizarin Red S content in (F) (n = 3). In (C) to (G), cells were treated with RAW-PLGA nanodecoys (100 μg PLGA/ml) or PBS in the presence of TNF-α (10 ng/ml) for 1 day (C), 7 days (D), or 14 days (E to G), and cells treated with PBS served as the control.