Figure 3. Metabolomics and targeted metabolite profiling highlight significant differences in bacterial fermentation end-products between ethnicities.
(A) Global profiling of the stool metabolome by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) revealed a significant separation in metabolomic profiles between EA and W individuals (ADONIS test values shown). (B) Representative stool metabolites contributing to the separation of stool metabolomic profiles between EA and W individuals (p<0.05, Wilcoxon rank-sum test). (C–E) Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) revealed significantly higher concentrations of acetate (C), propionate (D), and isobutyrate (E) in the stool samples of EA compared to W individuals. p-values determined using Wilcoxon rank-sum tests. (A–E) n=10 EA and n=10 W individuals. EA, East Asian W, White.
Figure 3—figure supplement 1. Stool concentrations of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and bile acids are comparable between East Asian (EA) and White (W) subjects.
We did not detect a significant difference in the concentrations of BCAAs (A) or bile acids (B) between EA (n=10) and W (n=10) stool samples. Statistical analyses were performed using Wilcoxon rank-sum tests.