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. 2021 Nov 24;11:22849. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-02180-8

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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The dual enzymatic steps catalyzed by Nmar_1308 in the thaumarcheal 3HP/4HB cycle. Representation of 3HP/4HB cycle reactions in the thaumarcheal variant. The reaction showing the energy efficiency of the taumarcheal cycle is colored in red. Highlighted rectangle in red indicates the bifunctional reactions catalyzed by the Nmar_1308 protein. Nmar_1308 is a promiscuous enzyme with dual functions that dehydrates 3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA to acryloyl-CoA via 3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA dehydratase (3HPD) and hydrates crotonyl-CoA to 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA via crotonyl-CoA hydratase (CCAH). 3HPD and CCAH are colored teal. The figure is created with BioRender.com.