Table 4.
Characteristics of ARF complicating a known Svv on ICU admission (n = 70)
| All patients n = 70 | Immune ARF n = 14 | Non-immune ARF n = 56 | p | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||||||
| Age, year | 67 | [57–76] | 67.5 | [57–77] | 67.0 | [57–76] | 0.498 |
| Male gender, n (%) | 47 | (67) | 8 | (57) | 39 | (70) | 0.373 |
| Cardiovascular diseasea, n (%) | 45 | (64) | 7 | (50) | 38 | (68) | 0.212 |
| Diabetes | 24 | (34) | 5 | (36) | 19 | (34) | 0.900 |
| Respiratory diseaseb, n (%) | 27 | (39) | 3 | (21) | 24 | (43) | 0.156g |
| Immunosuppressionc, n (%) | 57 | (81) | 7 | (50) | 50 | (89) | 0.001 |
| Severe renal dysfunctiond, n (%) | 28 | (40) | 3 | (21) | 25 | (45) | 0.138g |
| Long-term dialysis, n (%) | 17 | (24) | 1 | (7) | 16 | (29) | 0.162g |
| Small vessels vasculitis [Svv] | |||||||
| Time from Svv diagnosis to ICU admission, months | 48 | [8–124] | 21 | [8–60] | 56 | [9.5–132] | 0.077 |
| BVAS (Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score) | 2 | [0–9] | 17.5 | [8–21] | 0 | [0–6] | < 0.00001 |
| Revised FFS (Five-factor score) | 0 | [0–1] | 2 | [1, 2] | 0 | [0–1] | < 0.0001 |
| Clinical presentation | |||||||
| Moderate-to-severe ARDS | 17 | (24) | 5 | (36) | 12 | (21) | 0.304g |
| Arterial hypertension | 15 | (21) | 4 | (29) | 11 | (20) | 0.480g |
| Shock | 16 | (23) | 1 | (7) | 15 | (27) | 0.164g |
| Neurological | 16 | (23) | 1 | (7) | 15 | (27) | 0.164g |
| Time from respiratory symptoms to ICU admission, med days | 2.5 | [1–3] | 3.5 | [2–4] | 2 | [1–3] | 0.0367 |
| < 3 days, n (%) | 35 | (50) | 4 | (29) | 31 | (55) | 0.073g |
| ≥ 3 days | 35 | (50) | 10 | (71) | 25 | (45) | |
| Extra respiratory symptomse, n (%) | 54 | (77) | 10 | (71) | 44 | (79) | 0.569 |
| Specific extra respiratory symptomsf, n (%) | 20 | (29) | 6 | (43) | 14 | (25) | 0.186 |
| Laboratory features | |||||||
| Hemoglobin, g/l | 10.6 | [9–12.3] | 9.8 | [7.8–11.5] | 11 | [9.3–12.4] | 0.139 |
| Plasma creatinine level, µmol/l | 197 | [95–327] | 178 | [73–379] | 197 | [97–299] | 0.572 |
| Hematuria [> 10^4/ml], n (%)h | 17 | (24) | 7 | (50) | 10 | (18) | 0.057g |
| Proteinuria g/l [> 0, 3], n (%)h | 23 | (33) | 4 | (29) | 19 | (34) | 0.186g |
| Presence of auto antibodiesh | 25 | (36) | 11 | (79) | 14 | (25) | 0.001 |
| Severity criteria at ICU admission | |||||||
| SAPS II | 45.5 | [29–57] | 35 | [26–54] | 46 | [30–59] | 0.319 |
| SOFA | 5 | [4–9] | 4.5 | [3–8] | 6 | [4–9] | 0.181 |
| Organ support administered during the first 48 h, n (%) | 64 | (79) | 22 | (85) | 42 | (76) | 0.395 |
| Mechanical ventilation | 48 | (69) | 10 | (71) | 38 | (68) | 0.797 |
| Vasopressors | 22 | (31) | 3 | (21) | 19 | (34) | 0.368 |
| Renal replacement therapy | 25 | (36) | 6 | (43) | 19 | (34) | 0.533 |
Continuous variables are reported as median [interquartile range (IQR) 25–75]. Categorical variables are reported as number (percentages)
Svv small vessel vasculitis; BVAS Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score; FFS Five Factor Score; ANCA, SAPSII Sequential Organ Failure Assessment and Simplified Acute Physiology Score II; GPA granulomatosis with polyangiitis; MPA microscopic polyarteritis; EGPA eosinophilic GPA; GBM anti GBM anti bodies disease; SOFA Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment; GSC Glasgow coma scale
aHeart failure or arterial hypertension or coronary disease
bCOPD or asthma or interstitial lung disease
cActive cancer, HIV or immunosuppressive treatment
dGlomerular filtration rate < 30 ml·min-1 over 1 month
eFever or asthenia or weight loss
fCutaneous (skin rash, purpura), rheumatic (arthralgia, arthritis, Raynaud’s syndrome, myalgia), neurological, gastrointestinal (abdominal pain, gastrointestinal bleeding), ENT (dysphonia, nasal crusts), lymphadenopathy
gFisher’s exact test
hData missing, respectively, for 10, 21 and 13 patients (presence of hematuria, proteinuria and auto antibodies)