TABLE 2.
Comparisons between the three interventional groups (n = 8) at both heels
| Intervention groups | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| A | B | C | |
| Loading | Yes | No | Yes |
| Dressing | No | Yes | Yes |
| Skin temperature °C (Median) | |||
| Baseline | 28.2 | 26.1 | 27.8 |
| After 2.5 hours | 29.7 | 28.4 | 29.5 |
| After 3 hours | 27.2 | 26.5 | 27.2 |
| After 4.5 hours | 25.3 | 24.0 | 25.2 |
| P value a | .027 | .003 | .034 |
| Stratum corneum hydration (AU) (Median) | |||
| Baseline | 24.8 | 17.3 | 19.3 |
| After 2.5 hours | 35.1 | 31.6 | 37.2 |
| After 3 hours | 28.2 | 21.0 | 22.3 |
| After 4.5 hours | 31.1 | 20.4 | 23.5 |
| P value a | .031 | .003 | .002 |
| Epidermal hydration (AU) (Median) | |||
| Baseline | 33.4 | 24.3 | 28.9 |
| After 2.5 hours | 36.9 | 35.5 | 38.7 |
| After 3 hours | 35.5 | 26.9 | 32.4 |
| After 4.5 hours | 31.0 | 25.5 | 29.2 |
| P value a | .054 | .003 | <.001 |
| Transepidermal water loss in g/m2/h (Median) | |||
| Baseline | 21.4 | 20.1 | 18.0 |
| After 2.5 hours | 57.6 | 49.6 | 52.7 |
| After 3 hours | 19.2 | 16.7 | 17.6 |
| After 4.5 hours | 17.8 | 14.3 | 14.2 |
| P value a | .001 | .002 | .001 |
| Erythema index (AU) (Median) | |||
| Baseline | 259 | 251 | 241 |
| After 2.5 hours | 320 | 325 | 330 |
| After 3 hours | 295 | 257 | 321 |
| After 4.5 hours | 266 | 235 | 287 |
| P value a | .041 | .047 | <.001 |
| Structural stiffness (Median) (Uf, mm) | |||
| Baseline | 0.12 | 0.10 | 0.12 |
| After 2.5 hours | 0.13 | 0.14 | 0.15 |
| After 3 hours | 0.13 | 0.11 | 0.14 |
| After 4.5 hours | 0.13 | 0.10 | 0.10 |
| P value a | .717 | .062 | .086 |
| Biological elasticity (Median) (Ua/Uf, mm) | |||
| Baseline | 0.74 | 0.81 | 0.79 |
| After 2.5 hours | 0.74 | 0.84 | 0.80 |
| After 3 hours | 0.80 | 0.80 | 0.77 |
| After 4.5 hours | 0.76 | 0.85 | 0.75 |
| P value a | .199 | .290 | .369 |
| Roughness (Median) (Rz) | |||
| Baseline | 36.5 | 40.3 | 41.3 |
| After 2.5 hours | 30.5 | 29.0 | 30.3 |
| After 3 hours | 27.5 | 30.0 | 29.0 |
| After 4.5 hours | 26.8 | 26.0 | 28.8 |
| P value b | .003 | .005 | .004 |
| Stratum corneum thickness (Median) (mm) | |||
| Baseline | 0.28 | 0.36 | 0.36 |
| After 2.5 hours | 0.35 | 0.33 | 0.41 |
| After 3 hours | 0.33 | 0.41 | 0.42 |
| After 4.5 hours | 0.32 | 0.35 | 0.32 |
| P value a | .466 | .041 | .419 |
| Epidermal thickness (Median) (mm) | |||
| Baseline | 0.52 | 0.64 | 0.63 |
| After 2.5 hours | 0.59 | 0.57 | 0.65 |
| After 3 hours | 0.55 | 0.67 | 0.67 |
| After 4.5 hours | 0.60 | 0.57 | 0.60 |
| P value a | .886 | .165 | .615 |
| Thickness of living epidermal layers without SC (Median, SD) (mm) | |||
| Baseline | 0.25 | 0.26 | 0.26 |
| After 2.5 hours | 0.26 | 0.24 | 0.28 |
| After 3 hours | 0.24 | 0.26 | 0.26 |
| After 4.5 hours | 0.25 | 0.27 | 0.24 |
| P value a | .704 | .080 | .563 |
| Interleukin‐1 alpha (Median) (pg/μg) | |||
| Baseline | 13.1 | 11.6 | 10.7 |
| After 3 hours | 17.5 | 12.0 | 13.3 |
a
Friedman test.
b
One‐way repeated‐measures ANOVA.