TABLE 2.
Characteristics of the included studies (b)
| First author (year) | Intervention group | |
|---|---|---|
| LLLT parameters | Treatment time | |
| Chi LX (2002) | <25 mW | Daily for 10 days as a course of treatment; several courses of treatment in total |
| Chen HJ (2003) | 830 nm, 250‐350 mW | Daily for 15 days as a course of treatment; 1‐3 courses of treatment in total |
| Cui ZH (2009) | 632.8 nm, 0‐30 mW | Daily for 7‐10 days as a course of treatment, with an interval of 5‐7 days for a second course of treatment; 2 months in total |
| Ouyang ZS (2010) | 650 nm, 500 mW | Daily for 10 days as a course of treatment, with an interval of 3 days for a second course of treatment; 4 courses of treatment in total |
| Zhang LJ (2012) | 10‐20 mW | Daily for 10 days as a course of treatment, 20 days in total |
| Minatel DG (2009) | LLLT: a probe with 36 diodes, 4 red (660 nm) and 32 infrared (890 nm), 500 mW, 100 mW/cm2, 3 J/cm2 PLA: diodes of 890 nm and 3 of 660 nm were disabled and added one resistor, <1 mW/cm2 | Twice per week, 90 days in total |
| Kaviani A (2011) | LLLT: 685 nm; 50 mW/cm2, 10 J/cm2 PLA: sham irradiation under strictly controlled double‐blinded condition | Six times a week, for at least two successive weeks and then every other day up to complete healing, 20 weeks in total |
| Landau Z (2011) | LLLT: 400‐800 nm, 180 mW/cm2 PLA: non‐therapeutic light, 10 mW/cm2 | Twice a day, 12 weeks in total |
| Ortíz MCS (2014) | 685 nm, 30 mW, 2 J/cm2 on the edges of the ulcer, 1.5 J/cm2 in the wound bed | Three times a week, 16 weeks in total |
| Kajagar BM (2012) | 60 mW/cm2, 2‐4 J/cm2 | Daily for 15 days |
| Hoseini SM (2016) | LLLT: 904 nm, 90 mW, 2 J/cm2 PLA: laser probe was set similar to the laser group, but the power was off | Three times a week for 12 sessions, 4 weeks in total |
| Mathur RK (2017) | 660 ± 20 nm, 50 mW/cm2, 3 J/cm2 | Daily for 15 days |
| Santos JAF (2018) | 660 nm; 30 mW; 6 J/cm2 | Once per 48 hours, totaliy16 sessions in 4 weeks |
| First author (year) | Adverse events | Ulcer area reduction percentage | Complete healing rate | Mean healing time | Other outcomes (laser vs control) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Laser | Control | Laser | Control | Laser | Control | |||
| Chi LX (2002) | NA | ‐ | ‐ | 18/24 | 7/16 | 34.42 ± 8.20 days | 46.26 ± 10.43 days | Efficiency: 23/24 vs 14/16 |
| Chen HJ (2003) | NA | ‐ | ‐ | 21/36 | 3/13 | ‐ | ‐ | Improvement rate:14/36 vs 5/13; Inefficiency:1/36 vs 5/13 |
| Cui ZH (2009) | NA | ‐ | ‐ | 12/23 | 7/23 | ‐ | ‐ | Obvious efficiency:7/23 vs 8/23; Improvement rate:3/23 vs 4/23; Inefficiency:1/23 vs 4/23 |
| OuyangZS (2010) | None | ‐ | ‐ | 14/20 | 3/20 | 38.08 ± 3.57 days | 50.20 ± 10.25 days | Efficiency: 4/20 vs 8/20; Inefficiency:2/20 vs 9/20 |
| Zhang LJ (2012) | None | ‐ | ‐ | 6/12 | 4/12 | ‐ | ‐ | Efficiency: 5/12 vs 3/12; Inefficiency:1/12 vs 5/12 |
| Minatel DG (2009) | None | ‐ | ‐ | 7/13 | 1/10 | ‐ | ‐ | Ulcer granulation rate: 87.0 ± 4.96% vs 30.8 ± 11.24%; Pain relief within 1 week in LLLT group |
| Kaviani A (2011) | None | 73.7 ± 10.2 | 47.3 ± 15.4 | 8/13 | 3/9 | 11 weeks, 95% CI, 7.3‐14.7 | 14 weeks, 95% CI, 8.76‐19.2 | ‐ |
| Landau Z (2011) | None | 89 | 54 | 9/10 | 2/6 | 7.14* weeks | 11.5* weeks | ‐ |
| Ortíz MCS (2014) | None | ‐ | ‐ | 7/9 | 6/9 | ‐ | ‐ | Abnormal protective sensation: P > .05; Health status (EQ VAS): P > .05 |
| Kajagar BM (2012) | NA | 40.24 ± 6.30 | 11.87 ± 4.28 | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | Reduction in ulcer area (mm2): 1043.20 ± 266.62 vs 322.44 ± 85.84 |
| Hoseini SM (2016) | NA | 72.08 ± 7.22 | 12.69 ± 9.05 | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | The skin temperature and ABI values did not show any significant difference |
| Mathur RK (2017) | None | 37.3 ± 9 | 15 ± 5 | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | Average final ulcer area: 9.3 vs 11.46; the wound that received conventional treatment showed more pus and lesser granulation |
| Santos JAF (2018) | NA | 76.45 ± 18.30 | 51.29 ± 31.61 | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | PUSH scales: 2.88 ± 1.45 vs 7.00 ± 2.59; VAS scales: 0.77 ± 1.71 vs 2.33 ± 2.29 |
Abbreviations: NA, not available; *, median; ABI, ankle brachial index; PUSH, pressure ulcer scale for healing; VAS, visual analog scale.