TABLE 1.
Distribution of ES predictors in the subgroups of stroke patients with and without ES
| Total n (%) | With ES n (%) | Without ES n (%) | p‐value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of patients | 140 | 12 (8.6) | 128 (91.4) | |
| Mean age | 66.19 ± 14.02 | 68.42 ± 9.89 | 65.98 ± 14.36 | .686 |
| Gender | ||||
| Male | 80 (57) | 4 (33) | 76 (59.4) | .081 |
| Female | 60 (43) | 8 (67) | 52 (40.6) | |
| Risk factors | ||||
| Hypertension | 98 (70) | 8 (66.7) | 90 (70.3) | .752 |
| Diabetes | 59 (42) | 3 (25) | 56 (43.8) | .208 |
| Ischemic heart disease | 63 (45) | 7 (58.3) | 56 (43.8) | .332 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 22 (15.7) | 3 (25) | 19 (14.8) | .402 |
| Peripheral artery disease | 2 (1.4) | 0 | 2 (1.6) | 1.000 |
| Dyslipidemia | 59 (42) | 4 (33.3) | 55 (43) | .518 |
| Current Smoking | 59 (42) | 5 (41.7) | 54 (42.2) | .972 |
| Cancer | 4 (2.8) | 1 (8.3) | 3 (2.3) | .304 |
| Previous DVT/PE | 1 (0.7) | 0 | 1 (0.8) | 1.000 |
| Sleep apnea | 2 (1.4) | 0 | 2 (1.6) | 1.000 |
| CKD | 6 (4.3) | 1 (8.3) | 5 (3.9) | .422 |
| Liver disease | 1 (0.7) | 0 | 1 (0.8) | 1.000 |
| Thyroid disease | 6 (4.3) | 1 (8.3) | 5 (3.9) | .422 |
| Anemia | 2 (1.4) | 0 | 2 (1.6) | 1.000 |
| Heart failure | 5 (3.6) | 1 (8.3) | 4 (3.1) | .365 |
| Asthma/COPD | 2 (1.4) | 2 (16.7) | 0 | .007 |
| Clinical data | ||||
| Cardioembolic stroke (CE) | 56 (40) | 5 (41.7) | 51 (39.8) | 1.000 |
| Non‐Cardioembolic stroke (Non‐CE) | 84 (60) | 7 (58.3) | 77 (60.2) | |
| Lesion site | ||||
| Cortical involvement | 55 (39.3) | 8 (66.7) | 47 (36.7) | .062 |
| Length of hospital stay (days) | ||||
| ≤ 7 days | 89 (63.6) | 4 (33.3) | 85 (66.4) | .030 |
| >7 days | 51 (36.4) | 8 (66.7) | 43 (33.6) | |
| Stroke complications during hospital stay | 102 (72.9) | 11 (91.7) | 91 (71.1) | .180 |
| Number of complications | ||||
| 0–2 | 127 (90.7) | 9 (75) | 118 (92.2) | |
| ≥ 3 | 13 (9.3) | 3 (25) | 10 (7.8) | .084 |
Bold values indicate significance (p < .05)