TABLE 3.
Adjusted changes in psychologic distress in each group
| Group 1 Placebo group (n = 42) | Group 2 Omega‐3 group (n = 42) | Group 3 Vitamin D group (n = 42) | Group 4 Vitamin + Omega‐3 group (n = 42) | p‐Value¥ | ηp2¥ | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | Time | Time*group interaction | Time | Time*group interaction | ||||
| Depression | 0.21 (6.11) | −1.99 (5.77) | −2.11 (7.05) | −5.71 (5.48) € | <.001* | <.001* | .13 | .11 |
| Anxiety | 0.69 (3.33) | −2.44 (5.95) | −1.83 (4.57) | −4.05 (5.47) ǁ | <.001* | <.001* | .13 | .11 |
| Stress | −0.34 (8.01) | −3.78 (7.89) | −1.63 (7.34) | −6.23 (7.79) € | <.001* | <.001* | .13 | .07 |
| Sleep quality | 0.09 (2.33) | −0.73 (1.47) | −0.57 (2.28) | −1.7 (1.78) ǁ | <.001* | <.001* | .11 | .09 |
Notes: All values are means (SDs).
¥ obtain from two‐way repeated measures analysis of variance after adjusting for covariates.
€ Significant difference with placebo group.
ǁ Significant difference with other three groups.
(¥, ǁ, #) Obtain from two‐way repeated measures analysis of variance with Bonferroni correction.
ηp2 (partial eta squared) = 0.14 or more are large effects, 0.06 to 0.14 are medium effects and Less than 0.6 are small effects.
*p‐Value is significant.