TABLE 1.

Clinical characteristics of Parkinson's disease (PD) with freezing of gait (FOG) and PD without FOG

	PD without FOG (n = 40)	PD with FOG (n = 37)	p‐Value
Sex (male/female)	21/19	19/18	.920
Age (years)	60.83 ± 8.58	63.92 ± 10.52	.160
Age at disease onset (years)	56.05 ± 8.54	56.31 ± 10.93	.907
Duration of disease (years)	4.5 (2.0,5.0)	7.0n(4.0,10.0)	<.001
Education level (years)	7.08 ± 4.03	7.14 ± 3.77	.112
H‐Y stage	2.30 ± 0.62	3.18 ± 0.60	<.001
Side of symptoms at disease onset			.232
Right	13 (32.5)	12 (32.4)
Left	22 (55.0)	15 (40.5)
Bilateral	5 (12.5)	10 (27.0)
Levodopa equivalent dose (mg)	402.55 ± 171.10	545.9 ± 218.64	.002
Tremor subscore	8.85 ± 5.12	10.11 ± 6.45	.344
Rigidity subscore	5.78 ± 2.61	8.95 ± 3.37	<.001
Bradykinesia subscore	11.33 ± 5.36	17.08 ± 6.60	<.001
PIGD subscore	3.65 ± 2.17	5.86 ± 2.42	<.001
UPDRS part I score	4.33 ± 3.25	6.46 ± 3.91	.011
UPDRS part II score	12.70 ± 5.74	23.32 ± 8.50	<.001
UPDRS part III score	30.08 ± 12.41	41.57 ± 15.38	.001
UPDRS part IV score	3.15 ± 2.00	6.62 ± 4.17	<.001
PDQ‐39 score	43.68 ± 26.02	70.43 ± 32.44	<.001
NMSS score	65.43 ± 30.79	89.41 ± 34.46	.002
MoCA score	20.90 ± 6.20	19.14 ± 6.79	.237
HAM‐A score	12.33 ± 8.22	18.78 ± 9.34	.002
HAMD score	13.33 ± 9.59	20.71 ± 11.02	.002
ESS score	7.40 ± 5.95	10.89 ± 5.99	.009
AHRS score	19.08 ± 5.77	16.86 ± 8.64	.188
RBD score	28.53 ± 28.47	30.03 ± 24.39	.805
SCPA‐AUT score	31.80 ± 6.97	35.87 ± 9.88	.039
NFOG‐Q score	‐	21.35 ± 6.36	‐

Abbreviations: ESS, Epworth Sleepiness Scale; H‐Y stage, Hoehn‐Yahr stage; HAM‐A, Hamilton Anxiety Scale; HAMD, Hamilton Depression Scale; NMSS, nonmotor symptoms assessment scale; MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment; PDQ‐39, Parkinson's disease questionnaires‐39; PIGD, postural instability gait difficulty; UPDRS, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale.