TABLE 1.
Sociodemographic characteristics of the study participants (N = 2783)
| Variables | Total sample (n = 2783, 100%) | Egypt (n = 497, 17.9%) | Lebanon (n = 495, 16.5%) | Libya (n = 654, 23.5%) | Saudi Arabia (n = 627, 22.5%) | Republic of Sudan (n = 546, 19.6%) | p‐value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | |||||||
| 18–24 | 1165 (41.9) | 105 (21.1) | 215 (46.8) | 245 (37.5) | 218 (34.8) | 382 (70) | <.001 |
| 25–29 | 468 (16.8) | 75 (15.1) | 46 (10) | 143 (21.9) | 118 (18.8) | 86 (15.8) | |
| 30–34 | 350 (12.6) | 98 (19.7) | 55 (12) | 92 (14.1) | 85 (13.6) | 20 (3.7) | |
| 35–39 | 298 (10.7) | 95 (19.1) | 52 (11.3) | 72 (11) | 70 (11.2) | 9 (1.6) | |
| 40–44 | 188 (6.8) | 58 (11.7) | 30 (6.5) | 41 (6.3) | 46 (7.3) | 13 (2.4) | |
| 45–49 | 130 (4.7) | 18 (5.6) | 20 (4.4) | 22 (3.4) | 47 (7.5) | 13 (2.4) | |
| 50–54 | 102 (3.7) | 23 (4.6) | 18 (3.9) | 23 (3.5) | 24 (3.8) | 14 (2.6) | |
| 55–59 | 47 (1.7) | 8 (1.6) | 14 (3.1) | 11 (1.7) | 10 (1.6) | 4 (0.7) | |
| 60–64 | 26 (0.9) | 4 (0.8) | 7 (1.5) | 4 (0.6) | 7 (1.1) | 4 (0.7) | |
| ≥65 | 9 (0.3) | 3 (0.6) | 2 (0.4) | 1 (0.2) | 2 (0.3) | 1 (0.2) | |
| Female | 1685 (60.5) | 284 (57.1) | 301 (65.6) | 379 (58) | 373 (59.5) | 348 (63.7) | .019 |
| Social status | |||||||
| Single | 1650 (59.3) | 177 (35.6) | 265 (57.7) | 423 (64.7) | 322 (51.4) | 463 (84.8) | <.001 |
| Married | 1056 (37.9) | 302 (60.8) | 179 (39) | 216 (33) | 284 (45.3) | 75 (13.7) | |
| Divorced/widow/separated | 77 (2.8) | 18 (3.6) | 15 (3.3) | 15 (2.3) | 21 (3.3) | 8 (1.5) | |
| Level of education | |||||||
| ≤Elementary | 20 (0.7) | 2 (0.4) | 7 (1.5) | 3 (0.5) | 5 (0.8) | 3 (0.5) | <.001 |
| ≥High school education | 2763 (99.3) | 2781 (99.6) | 2776 (98.5) | 2780 (99.5) | 2778 (99.2) | 2780 (99.5) | |
| Occupation | |||||||
| Unemployed | 361 (9.4) | 26 (5.2) | 64 (13.9) | 49 (7.5) | 80 (12.8) | 42 (7.7) | <.001 |
| Employed | 2422 (90.6) | 2757 (94.8) | 2719 (86.1) | 2734 (92.5) | 2703 (87.2) | 2741 (92.3) | |
| Alcohol consumer | 101 (3.6) | 478 (96.2) | 51 (11.1) | 20 (3.4) | 2 (0.3) | 9 (1.7) | |
| Smoker | 523 (18.8) | 61 (12.3) | 188 (40.9) | 114 (17.7) | 104 (16.6) | 56 (10.2) | <.001 |
| Physical activity | 1928 (69.3) | 344 (69.2) | 323 (70.4) | 442 (67.9) | 460 (73.4) | 359 (65.8) | .490 |
| Sitting time (h) | 8.51 (4.65) | 8.28 (4.02) | 8.38 (4.12) | 8.17 (4.73) | 8.74 (4.85) | 8.98 (5.19) | .017 |
| Screen time (h) | 7.84 (4.52) | 7.10 (3.91) | 7.25 (3.92) | 7.93 (4.59) | 8.20 (4.63) | 8.58 (5.16) | <.001 |
| Health care professional | 957 (34.4) | 221 (44.5) | 181 (39.4) | 220 (33.6) | 155 (24.7) | 180 (33) | <.001 |
| Perceived social rank a | |||||||
| 1 (do not have enough money/go to the worst schools, might not have a job, don't live in a nice place) | 180 (6.5) | 18 (3.6) | 26 (5.7) | 60 (9.2) | 25 (4) | 51 (9.3) | <.001 |
| 2 | 266 (9.6) | 44 (8.9) | 58 (12.6) | 68 (10.4) | 49 (7.8) | 47 (8.6) | |
| 3 | 1341 (48.2) | 257 (51.7) | 271 (59) | 289 (44.2) | 256 (40.8) | 268 (49.1) | |
| 4 | 680 (24.4) | 120 (24.1) | 91 (19.8) | 143 (21.9) | 202 (32.2) | 124 (22.7) | |
| 5 (have the best jobs/go to the best schools, have lots of money, live in nice places) | 316 (11.4) | 58 (11.7) | 13 (2.8) | 94 (14.4) | 95 (15.2) | 56 (10.3) | |
| Children below 18 | 883 (31.7) | 266 (53.5) | 140 (30.5) | 175 (26.8) | 248 (39.6) | 54 (9.9) | <.001 |
| Number of children below 18 | 2.43 (1.74) | 2.20 (2.35) | 1.95 (1.16) | 2.83 (1.32) | 2.69 (1.39) | 2.73 (1.37) | <.001 |
| Number of people in the household | 5.81 (3.24) | 4.64 (1.84) | 4.58 (1.53) | 6.24 (3.13) | 6.41 (3.64) | 6.80 (4.24) | F(4) = 1.407 |
| Medical diagnosis | |||||||
| Anxiety | 168 (6) | 40 (8) | 35 (7.6) | 32 (4.9) | 44 (7) | 17 (3.1) | <.001 |
| Depression | 121 (4.3) | 34 (6.8) | 22 (4.8) | 16 (2.4) | 28 (4.5) | 21 (3.8) | <.001 |
| Cardiovascular diseases | 278 (10.1) | 84 (16.9) | 62 (13.6) | 40 (6.1) | 70 (11.2) | 22 (4) | |
| Respiratory problems (COPD, asthma, etc.) | 54 (1.9) | 4 (0.8) | 13 (2.8) | 10 (1.5) | 12 (1.9) | 15 (2.7) | .100 |
| Blood sugar (pre‐diabetes and diabetes) | 137 (4.9) | 31 (6.2) | 19 (4.1) | 25 (3.8) | 41 (6.5) | 20 (3.6) | |
| Nephropathy | 21 (0.8) | 3 (0.6) | 1 (0.2) | 6 (0.9) | 6 (1) | 5 (0.9) | .610 |
| Cancer | 10 (0.4) | 4 (0.8) | 3 (0.7) | 0 (0) | 3 (0.5) | 0 (0) | .070 |
| Other | 640 (23) | 181 (36.4) | 113 (24.7) | 148 (22.8) | 122 (19.4) | 76 (13.9) | |
| Proper medical follow up | 764 (27.5) | 128 (25.8) | 165 (35.9) | 198 (30.3) | 184 (29.3) | 89 (16.3) | <.001 |
a
Data presented in means and standard deviation.
bNon‐university degree.
cSignificant at .001.