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. 2021 Nov 25;188(12):430. doi: 10.1007/s00604-021-05076-6

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 14 — Life cycle of a bacteriophage and expected effect of photodynamic virus inactivation by CDs, which lead to the carbonylation of surface protein and degradation of genomic RNA of the bacteriophage MS2. Reproduced with permission from [110], Page No. 33945, Copyright 2020. Reproduced by permission of The Royal Society of Chemistry