Table 1.
Demographic, neurological, and functional characteristics of the treatment and control groups at pre-test
| EDNA treatment (n = 10) | GRASP control (n = 7) | Comparison test | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years)a | 69.9 (13.8), 49–90 | 77.3 (8.9), 60–85 | t = 1.241, p = 0.234 |
| Genderb | χ2 = 0.004, p = 0.949 | ||
| Male | 7 | 5 | |
| Female | 3 | 2 | |
| Rehab NIHSSa | 6.7 (3.0) | 7.8 (5.0) | t = 0.494, p = 0.631 |
| Admission FIM scorea | 45.9 (24.8) | 40.6 (18.7) | t = 0.480, p = 0.638 |
| Abilhand | 21.1 (10.5) | 36.4 (10.4) | t = 2.472, p = 0.051 |
| FSS Total | 38.7 (13.5) | 30.3 (2.2) | t = 1.212, p = 0.249 |
| Time since stroke (days)a | 137.5 (152.4) | 107.4 (56.4) | t = 0.496, p = 0.627 |
| Stroke typeb | χ2 = 0.977, p = 0.323 | ||
| Ischemic strokeb | 9 (90%) | 5 (71%) | |
| Hemorrhagic strokeb | 1 | 2 | |
| Side of lesion: left vs. right | 6 left: 4 right | 5 left: 2 right | χ2 = 0.235, p = 0.627 |
| BBT, MAHa | 23.5 (9.6) | 15.7 (10.8) | t = 1.568, p = 0.138 |
| BBT, LAHa | 41.2 (14.4) | 36.6 (10.8) | t = 0.720, p = 0.482 |
| 9HPT, MAHa | 0.21 (0.20) | 0.08 (0.14) | t = 1.462, p = 0.164 |
| 9HPT, LAHa | 0.58 (0.27) | 0.48 (0.15) | t = 0.857, p = 0.405 |
| MoCAa | 18.5 (5.1) | 17.0 (7.8) | t = 0.491, p = 0.630 |
| SIS Recovery Rating | 55.5 (16.4) | 45.0 (20.7) | t = 1.125, p = 0.279 |
| NFI Totalc | 155.6 (38.1) |
NIHSS National Institute of Health Stroke Scale range 0–24; FIM Functional Independence Measure; FSS Fatigue Severity Scale; BBT Box and Block Test; MAH More Affected Hand; LAH Less Affected Hand; 9HPT Nine Hole Peg Test (pegs/s); MoCA Montreal Cognitive Assessment; SIS Stroke Impact Scale; NFI Neurobehavioral Functioning Inventory
aMean (SD), Range
bNo. (%)
cNFI data not available for GRASP group