Table 2.
Demographic, clinical characteristics, main therapeutic modalities, and long-term outcomes of 364 children with AA
| Variable | Frequency, n (%) |
|---|---|
| Children | 364 |
| Gender | |
| Female | 150 (41.2) |
| Male | 214 (58.8) |
| Age of onset (mean, SD) | 6.6 (3.1) |
| Unknown | 4 |
| Comorbidities | |
| No | 110 (83.4) |
| Thyroid disease | 11 (8.3) |
| Growth retardation | 4 (3.0) |
| Rheumatic disease | 3 (2.3) |
| Anemia | 2 (1.5) |
| Vitiligo | 1 (0.8) |
| Down syndrome | 1 (0.8) |
| Unknown | 232 |
| Disease location | |
| Scalp | 304 (91.3) |
| Eyebrows or eyelashes | 8 (2.4) |
| Eyebrows and eyelashes | 4 (1.2) |
| Scalp and eyebrows | 5 (1.5) |
| Scalp and eyelashes | 5 (1.5) |
| Scalp, eyelashes, and eyebrows | 1 (0.3) |
| Totalis | 6 (1.8) |
| Unknown | 31 |
| Plaques | |
| 1–2 | 123 (66.1) |
| 3–5 | 38 (20.4) |
| >6 | 12 (6.5) |
| Diffuse | 4 (2.2) |
| Totalis | 7 (3.8) |
| Ophiasis | 2 (1.1) |
| Unknown | 178 |
| Nails | |
| Yes | 12 (12.9) |
| No | 81 (87.1) |
| Unknown | 271 |
| Family history | |
| Yes | 27 (26.2) |
| No | 76 (73.8) |
| Unknown | 261 |
| Atopy | |
| Yes | 32 (24.6) |
| No | 98 (75.4) |
| Unknown | 234 |
| Triggering factors | |
| No | 39 (42.4) |
| Stress | 38 (41.3) |
| Viral and other infections | 9 (9.8) |
| Other (surgery, head lice, etc.) | 6 (6.5) |
| Unknown | 263 |
| Treatment | |
| No | 6 (1.8) |
| Topical steroids | 232 (69.1) |
| Minoxidil 2% | 2 (0.6) |
| Topical steroids and minoxidil 2% | 48 (14.3) |
| Anthralin 1% | 3 (0.9) |
| Topical steroids and anthralin 1% | 10 (3.0) |
| Topical steroids and minoxidil 2% and anthralin 1% | 8 (2.4) |
| Systemic steroids | 16 (4.8) |
| Intralesional triamcinolone acetonide | 2 (0.6) |
| Topical steroids and calcineurin inhibitors | 7 (2.1) |
| Calcineurin inhibitors | 2 (0.6) |
| Unknown | 28 |
| Hair regrowth | |
| Yes | 59 (84.3) |
| No | 11 (15.7) |
| Percent of hair regrowth | |
| 20% | 4 (6.8) |
| 30% | 5 (8.5) |
| 40% | 1 (1.7) |
| 50% | 4 (6.8) |
| 60% | 1 (1.7) |
| 100% | 44 (74.6) |
| Unknown | 294 |
| Relapse | |
| Yes | 21 (67.7) |
| No | 10 (32.3) |
| Unknown | 333 |
AA, alopecia areata.