Table 1.

Recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of metabolic acidosis in CKD patients formulated by the experts of the Working Group of the Polish Society of Nephrology on Metabolic and Endocrine Abnormalities in Kidney Diseases [7]

Measurement of bicarbonate concentration in venous plasma or venous blood to check for metabolic acidosis should be performed in all patients with CKD

In patients with CKD stage 4 or 5 (not yet on renal replacement therapy), the determination of venous plasma or venous blood bicarbonate concentration should be carried out at least once a year

Metabolic acidosis in patients with CKD should be diagnosed when the venous plasma or venous blood bicarbonate concentration is lower than 22 mmol/L

In patients with metabolic acidosis and CKD, oral sodium bicarbonate administration is recommended

The goal of treatment of metabolic acidosis in patients with CKD is to achieve a plasma or blood bicarbonate concentration equal to or greater than 22 mmol/L