Table 2.

Pathogenesis of metabolic acidosis in patients with CKD

Pathogenesis of metabolic acidosis in CKD	References
Reduction of the renal excretion of hydrogen ions	[20]
Decrease in bicarbonate synthesis by the kidneys	[9]
Reduction of tubular reabsorption of bicarbonate	[9]
Diet with low amount of alkalizing food (i.e., diet with restriction of fresh fruits and vegetables for prevention of hyperkalemia)	[7, 25, 26]

GFR, glomerular filtration rate.