Table 2.

Microbial changes as a result of several treatments in viral B and C hepatitis

Drug	Type of study	Changes in gut microbiota	Ref.
Entecavir	Experimental (mice)	↑ Lachnospiraceae, Akkermansia, Alistipes, Escherichia, Shigella, Oscillibacter, Bilophila	Li et al[127]
	Clinical	↑ Clostridium sensu stricto 1, Erysipelotrichaceae UCG-007, Intestinibacter; ↓ Streptococcus, Atopobium, and Murdochiella	Lu et al[128]
Direct antiviral agents in patients with HCV infection	Clinical	↑ Phylum Firmicutes, genera Lachnospira	Pérez-Matute et al[129]
Direct antiviral agents in patients with HCV-related liver cirrhosis	Clinical	↓ Enterobacteriaceae, Staphylococcus and Veillonellaceae	Ponziani et al[130]

HCV: Hepatitis C virus.