Surface charge, hydrodynamic diameter, coverage, and permeability.
(A) Size and surface charge of mesoporous silica nanocapsules (MSNCs)
and macrophage cell membrane (MPCM)-coated MSNCs. Reprinted with permission
from ref (69). Copyright
2015 John Wiley and Sons. (B) Structural integrity: (a) TEM image
of gold nanocages (left) and H22 liver cancer cell membrane-coated
gold nanocages (right), scale bar = 20 nm. Reprinted with permission
under a Creative Commons CC BY-NC License from ref (226). Copyright 2018 Ivyspring
International Publisher. (b) Cardiac stem cell membrane fragments-coated
onto PLGA microparticles, SEM (left), confocal microscopic images
(right) microparticles (texas red), cell membrane (DiO, green), scale
bar = 20 μm. Reprinted with permission under a Creative Commons
CC-BY License from ref (187). Copyright 2017 Springer Nature. (C) Coverage: (a) Aggregation
assay based on streptavidin-biotin cross-linking chemistry, size change
of RBC-NPs (RBC-coated PLGA nanoparticles) due to streptavidin-biotin
cross-linking at various RBC membrane-to-polymer ratios. Reprinted
with permission under a Creative Commons CC-BY License from ref (300). Copyright 2014 Royal
Society of Chemistry. (b) TGA curves of MSN, doxorubicin-loaded MSN
(DOX/MSN), DOX loaded MSN with calcium carbonate interlayer (DOX/MSN@CaCO3), prostate cancer cell membrane-coated DOX/MSN@CaCO3 (DOX/MSN@CaCO3@CM). Reprinted with permission from ref (225). Copyright 2019 Elsevier.
(c) FRET study to demonstrate the insertion of RBC-M onto the gadolinium
inserted poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles
(Gd-PLGA) and bare PLGA. Reprinted with permission from ref (71). Copyright 2020 Royal
Society of Chemistry. (d) FT-IR spectra of CMs (MDA-MB-231 cell membranes),
SiFePNs (MSNs containing superparamagnetic ferroferric oxide), and
CSiFePN (cell membrane coated mimics). Reprinted with permission under
a Creative Commons CC-BY License from ref (247). Copyright 2019 Springer Nature. (D) NBD fluorescence
quenching to study and compare the permeability of RBC vesicles, RBC-NPs
(RBC coated PLGA nanoparticle), liposome (egg PC/cholesterol). Reprinted
with permission from ref (302). Copyright 2014 Royal Society of Chemistry.