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. 2021 Nov 25;40:373. doi: 10.1186/s13046-021-02186-0

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 5 — DAC sensitizes GBC cells to gemcitabine via ELP5 activation. a Cell viability analysis for NOZ and GBC-SD cells treated with gemcitabine (GEM) at the indicated dosage synchronously combined with DAC (1 μM for NOZ and 10 μM for GBC-SD) or DMSO (vehicle) for 72 h. b NOZ and GBC-SD cells were pre-treated with DAC (1 μM for NOZ and 10 μM for GBC-SD), vehicle, or none any chemicals for 72 h. After that, these cells were sequentially treated with GEM at the indicated dosage for next 72 h. Cell viability assays were used to compare the gemcitabine sensitivities in different chemicals or no chemical pre-treated cells. c Combination index-fraction affected plots of 72 h DAC pre-treated and 72 h GEM sequentially treated in NOZ and GBC-SD cells. Plots were generated using the CompuSyn software. Combination index (CI) < 1, CI = 1, and CI > 1 indicate synergism, additive effect, and antagonism, respectively. Smaller CI value indicates stronger synergism. d Cell viability analysis for ELP5-depleted or PAX5-silenced NOZ and GBC-SD cells treated with DAC and GEM sequential combinations. Student’s t test for statistical analysis, ns, not significant, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001