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. 2021 Oct 22;21:396. doi: 10.1186/s12876-021-01975-3

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 2 — Comparison between sampling methods (a) averaged taxonomic compositions at phylum level for stool, lavage, and biopsy sample. b Boxplot of Alpha-diversity.in the three study groups stool, lavage, biopsy by means of observed Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs), Shannon, and Simpson indexes. Plotted in the graphic are the inter-quartile ranges (IQRs) and boxes, medians (lines in the boxes), and lowest and highest values for the first and third quartiles. Each phenotypic category is identified by colors, as indicated on the right side of the figure. Every sample is represented by a colored dot. Solid lines and asterisks indicate that the numbers of OTUs in biopsy sampling was significantly higher than stool sample (p = 0.031) and lavage (p < 0.006). In the diversity of Shannon and Simpson, stool sample was significantly different with biopsy and lavage sample. c Boxplot of Beta diversity (stool, lavage, biopsy). All sampling method in the Beta-diversity was significantly different with each other