. 2021 Nov 24;20:227. doi: 10.1186/s12933-021-01422-3

Table 1.

Baseline characteristics

	N	Total N = 294 057	Low < 3.9 mmol/L n = 7 408 (2.5%)	Normal 3.9–6.0 mmol/L n = 266 943 (90.8%)	IFG 6.1–6.9 mmol/L n = 9 682 (3.3%)	Undiagnosed DM ≥ 7.0 mmol/L n = 5 457 (1.9%)	Diagnosed DM n = 4 567 (1.6%)
Age (years)	294 057	47 (40–56)	43 (36–51)	47 (39–55)	54 (46–61)	57 (49–64)	53 (45–60)
Sex, female	294 057	135 562 (46.1)	4 382 (59.2)	124 497 (46.6)	3 300 (34.1)	1 646 (30.2)	1 737 (38.0)
Blue collar worker	286 058	157 549 (55.1)	4 090 (56.8)	142 258 (54.7)	5 464 (58.3)	3 084 (59.6)	2 653 (60.1)
Born in Nordic countries	294 057	270 242 (92.1)	6854 (92.5)	245 489 (92.0)	8 878 (91.7)	4 884 (89.5)	4 147 (90.8)
Referred from occupational health care	259 549	193 573 (74.6)	5 187 (79.0)	177 643 (75.4)	5 585 (65.6)	2 710 (57.2)	2 448 (59.9)
BMI (kg/m2)	55 390	24.0 (21.8–26.5)	22.4 (20.6–24.6)	24.0 (21.8–26.3)	26.5 (24.2–29.5)	28.0 (25.5–30.9)	26.6 (23.4–29.8)
Kidney disease	294 057	288 (0.1)	9 (0.1)	257 (0.1)	9 (0.1)	2 (0.0)	11 (0.2)
Liver disease	294 057	1 102 (0.4)	38 (0.5)	862 (0.3)	65 (0.7)	51 (0.9)	86 (1.9)
Asthma/COPD	294 057	2 026 (0.7)	63 (0.9)	1 740 (0.7)	93 (1.0)	55 (1.0)	75 (1.6)
History of cancer	294 057	6 550 (2.2)	131 (1.8)	5 812 (2.2)	287 (3.0)	196 (3.6)	124 (2.7)
Mitral stenosis	294 057	34 (0)	0	30 (0)	1 (0)	2 (0)	1 (0)
Mechanical valve-replacement	294 057	25 (0)	0	24 (0)	1 (0)	0	0
Fasting glucose, mmol/L	294 057	4.8 (4.5–5.2)	3.7 (3.5–3.8)	4.8 (4.5–5.2)	6.3 (6.2–6.6)	8.2 (7.3–10.4)	8.3 (6.2–11.9)
Fructosamine, mmol/L	242 205	2.1 (2.0–2.2)	2.0 (1.9–2.2)	2.1 (2.0–2.2)	2.2 (2.0–2.3)	2.5 (2.2–2.9)	2.6 (2.3–3.1)
Total cholesterol, mmol/L	294 057	5.7 (5.0–6.4)	5.4 (4.7–6.1)	5.7 (5.0–6.4)	6.0 (5.3–6.8)	6.0 (5.3–6.8)	5.8 (5.0–6.6)
Triglyceride level, mmol/L	294 057	1.0 (0.7–1.5)	0.9 (0.6–1.2)	1.0 (0.7–1.5)	1.5 (1.0–2.2)	1.9 (1.3–2.8)	1.5 (1.0–2.4)
Apo-B/Apo-A1 ratio	294 057	0.89 (0.71–1.10)	0.82 (0.67–1.01)	0.88 (0.71–1.09)	0.96 (0.79–1.21)	1.05 (0.85–1.28)	0.97 (0.78–1.22)
Haemoglobin, g/L	73 119	141.0 (133.0–150.0)	138.0 (129.0–147.0)	141.0 (132.0–150.0)	146.0 (138.0–154.0)	149.0 (140.0- 157.0)	145.0 (136.0–154.0)
WBC, 10^9/L	67 806	6.1 (5.1–7.4)	6.1 (5.1–7.6)	6.1 (5.1–7.3)	6.6 (5.6–7.9)	6.9 (5.8–8.3)	6.6 (5.5–8.0)
Subjects with eGFR below 60 ml/min/1.73 m²	283 448	10 173 (3.5)	180 (2.4)	8 435 (3.2)	698 (7.2)	559 (10.3)	301 (6.6)
Uric acid, umol/L	278 499	287.0 (240.0–337.0)	262.0 (218.0–311.0)	286.0 (239.0–335.0)	335.0 (285.0–389.0)	321.0 (271.0–380.0)	286.0 (235.0–345.0)
CRP, mg/L	139 257	4.0 (1.0–6.0)	3.0 (1.0–6.0)	4.0 (1.0–6.0)	4.0 (3.0–7.0)	4.0 (2.0–8.0)	4.0 (2.0–7.0)
Haptoglobin, g/L	234 448	1.0 (0.9–1.2)	1.0 (0.8–1.2)	1.0 (0.9–1.2)	1.1 (1.0–1.4)	1.2 (1.0–1.4)	1.1 (0.9–1.3)

Total
N = 294 057

Low
< 3.9 mmol/L
n = 7 408 (2.5%)

Normal
3.9–6.0 mmol/L
n = 266 943 (90.8%)

IFG
6.1–6.9 mmol/L
n = 9 682 (3.3%)

Undiagnosed DM
≥ 7.0 mmol/L
n = 5 457 (1.9%)

Diagnosed DM
n = 4 567 (1.6%)

Age (years)

294 057

(40–56)

(36–51)

(39–55)

(46–61)

(49–64)

(45–60)

Sex, female

294 057

135 562

(46.1)

4 382

(59.2)

124 497 (46.6)

3 300

(34.1)

1 646

(30.2)

1 737

(38.0)

Blue collar worker

286 058

157 549

(55.1)

4 090

(56.8)

142 258

(54.7)

5 464

(58.3)

3 084

(59.6)

2 653

(60.1)

Born in Nordic countries

294 057

270 242

(92.1)

6854

(92.5)

245 489

(92.0)

8 878

(91.7)

4 884

(89.5)

4 147

(90.8)

Referred from occupational health care

259 549

193 573

(74.6)

5 187

(79.0)

177 643

(75.4)

5 585

(65.6)

2 710

(57.2)

2 448

(59.9)

BMI (kg/m2)

55 390

24.0

(21.8–26.5)

22.4

(20.6–24.6)

24.0

(21.8–26.3)

26.5

(24.2–29.5)

28.0

(25.5–30.9)

26.6

(23.4–29.8)

Kidney disease

294 057

288

(0.1)

257

(0.1)

(0.0)

(0.2)

Liver disease

294 057

1 102

(0.4)

(0.5)

862

(0.3)

(0.7)

(0.9)

(1.9)

Asthma/COPD

294 057

2 026

(0.7)

(0.9)

1 740

(0.7)

(1.0)

(1.6)

History of cancer

294 057

6 550

(2.2)

131

(1.8)

5 812

(2.2)

287

(3.0)

196

(3.6)

124

(2.7)

Mitral stenosis

294 057

(0)

Mechanical

valve-replacement

294 057

(0)

Fasting glucose, mmol/L

294 057

4.8

(4.5–5.2)

3.7

(3.5–3.8)

4.8

(4.5–5.2)

6.3

(6.2–6.6)

8.2

(7.3–10.4)

8.3

(6.2–11.9)

Fructosamine, mmol/L

242 205

2.1

(2.0–2.2)

2.0

(1.9–2.2)

2.1

(2.0–2.2)

2.2

(2.0–2.3)

2.5

(2.2–2.9)

2.6

(2.3–3.1)

Total cholesterol, mmol/L

294 057

5.7

(5.0–6.4)

5.4

(4.7–6.1)

5.7

(5.0–6.4)

6.0

(5.3–6.8)

6.0

(5.3–6.8)

5.8

(5.0–6.6)

Triglyceride level, mmol/L

294 057

1.0

(0.7–1.5)

0.9

(0.6–1.2)

1.0

(0.7–1.5)

1.5

(1.0–2.2)

1.9

(1.3–2.8)

1.5

(1.0–2.4)

Apo-B/Apo-A1 ratio

294 057

0.89

(0.71–1.10)

0.82

(0.67–1.01)

0.88

(0.71–1.09)

0.96

(0.79–1.21)

1.05

(0.85–1.28)

0.97

(0.78–1.22)

Haemoglobin, g/L

73 119

141.0

(133.0–150.0)

138.0

(129.0–147.0)

141.0

(132.0–150.0)

146.0

(138.0–154.0)

149.0

(140.0-

157.0)

145.0

(136.0–154.0)

WBC, 10^9/L

67 806

6.1

(5.1–7.4)

6.1

(5.1–7.6)

6.1

(5.1–7.3)

6.6

(5.6–7.9)

6.9

(5.8–8.3)

6.6

(5.5–8.0)

Subjects with eGFR below 60 ml/min/1.73 m²

283 448

10 173 (3.5)

180 (2.4)

8 435 (3.2)

698 (7.2)

559 (10.3)

301 (6.6)

Uric acid, umol/L

278 499

287.0

(240.0–337.0)

262.0

(218.0–311.0)

286.0

(239.0–335.0)

335.0

(285.0–389.0)

321.0

(271.0–380.0)

286.0

(235.0–345.0)

CRP, mg/L

139 257

4.0

(1.0–6.0)

3.0

(1.0–6.0)

4.0

(1.0–6.0)

4.0

(3.0–7.0)

4.0

(2.0–8.0)

4.0

(2.0–7.0)

Haptoglobin, g/L

234 448

1.0

(0.9–1.2)

1.0

(0.8–1.2)

1.0

(0.9–1.2)

1.1

(1.0–1.4)

1.2

(1.0–1.4)

1.1

(0.9–1.3)

Categorical variables presented as absolute and relative (percentages) frequencies and continuous variables as median and interquartile range

IFG Impaired fasting glucose, DM Diabetes mellitus, COPD Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, WBC White blood cells